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Showing 17101 – 17120 of 30345 publications

Of Millet, Mice and Men: Traditional and Invisible Technology Solutions to Post-Harvest Losses in Mali

Cliff of Bandiagara (Land of the Dogons) — 2019 — WHEA5890C9002

Official marketing practices significantly hinder millet production in the Dogon region of Mali, contributing to post-harvest losses of 20-40%. A buffer-stock scheme supporting a parallel market could more effectively stimulate production and stabilize prices than the current system. The study highlights traditional and 'invisible' technological solutions employed by the Dogons to mitigate these losses, offering insights into sustainable agricultural practices in the Sahelian zone.

Of other times: Temporality, memory and trauma in post-genocide Rwanda

Memorial sites of the Genocide: Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi and Bisesero — 2019 — WHE8B4159B505

Post-genocide Rwanda, survivors' engagement with memorial sites reveals complex temporal practices that challenge linear narratives of time. Care-taking rituals and imaginative processes create a symbolic time-reversal, while the materiality of memorials preserves the past in the present. Annual commemoration ceremonies construct multiple temporal logics, including homogenization and cyclical trauma-time, countering simplistic 'before and after' transitional justice frameworks. The study, based on extensive fieldwork and participatory observation, demonstrates that survivors actively reshape their relationship with time through mnemonic practices, offering a nuanced understanding of post-traumatic temporality.

Old and New

Archaeological Site of Mystras — 2019 — WHE4730F4F76D

A comparative analysis of Late Byzantine architectural trends reveals distinct patterns in monastic centers, second cities, and newly established urban sites. While Mount Athos and Thessalonike experienced monastic-driven construction with aristocratic patronage mirroring Constantinople's complexities, Mystras emerged as a defensively oriented city shaped by steep topography, lacking orthogonal planning yet maintaining strong architectural ties to the imperial capital. The study highlights how regional variations in patronage—monastic in Thessalonike versus aristocratic in Mystras—reflect broader socio-political dynamics of the period.

Old World vagrants on Fernando de Noronha, including two additions to the Brazilian avifauna, and predictions for potential future Palearctic vagrants

Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves — 2019 — WHEFFF48E2AA7

Researchers have identified two new vagrant bird species for the Brazilian avifauna, including the first South American record of the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), a Palearctic migrant. The study, focusing on Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves in Brazil, highlights the archipelago's significance as a hotspot for transatlantic vagrants, primarily from the Palearctic and African regions. By compiling records of approximately 50 Palearctic species documented from mid-Atlantic islands, the Caribbean, Trinidad & Tobago, or other South American countries, the study predicts potential future vagrant species to Brazil, particularly with improved ornithological coverage in these areas.

On brachypterous phaneropterine katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from the Iguaçu National Park, Brazil: three new species, new record and bioacoustics

Iguaçu National Park — 2019 — WHE263A4938AA

Researchers have identified three new species of brachypterous katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Iguaçu National Park, Brazil, alongside a previously recorded species. The study highlights distinctive morphological traits such as male genitalia, stridulatory files, cerci, and subgenital plates for all four species. Notably, one of the new species, Xenicola xukrixi, exhibits an unusually high carrier frequency in its calling song, peaking above 70 kHz. This discovery enriches the biodiversity documentation of the region and provides insights into the bioacoustics of these insects.

On Competition between Javan Rhino (Rhinoceros Sondaicus) and Javan Bull (Bos Javanicus) at Ujung Kulon National Park with Allee Effect

Ujung Kulon National Park — 2019 — WHE88C9CA5079

A mathematical model reveals that the Javan rhino population at Ujung Kulon National Park is stagnating around 50 individuals due to competition with Javan bulls and an Allee effect, which impairs mating success. The study demonstrates that despite sufficient habitat, inbreeding and solitary behavior limit population growth. Bifurcation analysis identifies critical thresholds where small population declines trigger irreversible collapse. Simulations suggest targeted conservation strategies—such as reducing bull density or enhancing social interactions—could reverse the trend.

On the Adhesion of Sediment to Footwear and the Implications for Geoconservation

Mistaken Point — 2019 — WHE6CA4692474

Research reveals that the quilted 'Bama Sokkets' footwear, introduced at Mistaken Point UNESCO World Heritage Site to protect its ancient fossils from erosion caused by visitor traffic, perform poorly under wet conditions in repelling sediment. This undermines their effectiveness as a geoconservation tool. The study, which builds on materials science findings about footwear-induced rock surface erosion, demonstrates that hydrophobic footwear would be more suitable for preserving geoheritage sites. These insights have already influenced policy at Mistaken Point, marking a significant shift in how such vulnerable sites are managed.

On the Dimensional Plan in Prasat Sambor Monuments in Sambor Prei Kuk Monuments

Temple Zone of Sambor Prei Kuk, Archaeological Site of Ancient Ishanapura — 2019 — WHE7FA398FE39

A novel method for planning brick structures in the Sambor Prei Kuk Monuments, part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been revealed. This study builds on recent advancements in understanding the dimensional planning of Khmer temple complexes, particularly focusing on the Prasat Sambor monuments from the Pre-Angkor and Angkor periods. The research sheds light on the architectural techniques used in these significant historical sites, which were previously understudied despite their registration as a World Heritage Site in 2015 for their historical importance. By analyzing the planning methods of brick structures, this study contributes to the ongoing restoration efforts and deepens our understanding of ancient Khmer urban planning.

On the taxonomic status of Isopterygium ambiguum (Hypnaceae, Bryophyta) from Gough Island in the South Atlantic Ocean

Gough and Inaccessible Islands — 2019 — WHE4C7EDB9752

A taxonomic reassessment of Isopterygium ambiguum, a moss species endemic to Gough Island, reveals it is conspecific with I. tenerifolium, expanding the known distribution of the latter across the South Atlantic. This finding corrects its taxonomic status and identifies Gough Island as the southernmost occurrence of I. tenerifolium. The study also documents additional collections from Tristan da Cunha and Nightingale Island, contributing to a broader understanding of moss biodiversity in this remote region. Morphological details were illustrated, and distribution patterns were mapped, providing insights into the biogeography of South Atlantic mosses.

Online tourist reviews and accidental conveyors of memories of the atomic bomb

Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome) — 2019 — WHEF6C718911D

Tourists visiting the Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome) spontaneously convey its peace messages online under specific conditions, acting as 'accidental conveyors of memories' of the atomic bomb. This study analyzed over ten years of online reviews using interdisciplinary analytics, revealing that tourists often internalize and transmit the site's sociocultural significance when they perceive themselves as stewards of its legacy. The findings highlight the role of digital word-of-mouth in shaping public memory and heritage perception, with implications for how stakeholders communicate intended messages to visitors.

Operational report for the 2017 Surtsey Underwater volcanic System for Thermophiles, Alteration processes and INnovative concretes (SUSTAIN) drilling project at Surtsey Volcano, Iceland

Surtsey — 2019 — WHEF05E89BCC1

A groundbreaking drilling project at Surtsey, Iceland, revealed unprecedented insights into the volcano's subsurface structure and thermal dynamics. The 2017 SUSTAIN project successfully drilled three boreholes, including a deep angled hole reaching 354 meters (~290 m vertical depth), traversing the volcano's conduit and intrusions. This provided the first detailed vertical profile of a young volcanic system, offering critical data on thermophiles, alteration processes, and innovative concrete applications in extreme environments. The project utilized advanced drilling techniques, including seawater-based drilling fluids and wireline logging, to maintain sterility and gather high-quality core samples. Over 650 meters of core were analyzed, contributing to our understanding of volcanic systems and their potential for geothermal energy and construction materials.

Oplontis, 79 A.D.: colours on marble furnishing from the Villa of Poppaea

Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata — 2019 — WHEF2232F5120

A groundbreaking analysis of the Villa of Poppaea in Oplontis reveals new insights into the pigments and conservation history of its marble furnishings. The study employed non-invasive imaging techniques to examine sculptures and reliefs, comparing results with analytical data and archaeological research. This approach uncovered previously unknown details about the vibrant colors used in the villa's ornate decorations, providing a deeper understanding of Roman artistic practices and preservation challenges. The findings contribute significantly to our knowledge of the Villa of Poppaea, one of the most opulent marble-furnished buildings of its time, destroyed by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 A.D.

Oral health of 12-year-old children in Quito, Ecuador: a population-based epidemiological survey

City of Quito — 2019 — WHEC132DBE890

A population-based survey of 12-year-old children in Quito, Ecuador, revealed high prevalence rates for oral health issues, with dental caries affecting 60.3% and gingival bleeding reaching 92%. The study also found significant occurrences of traumatic dental injuries (20.7%), fluorosis (63.7%), calculus presence (69.9%), and malocclusion (25.8%). Conducted across 31 public schools, the research employed calibrated examiners to assess six oral health outcomes using standardized clinical examinations. The findings suggest that periodontal health and fluorosis are particularly prevalent in Quito's child population compared to similar urban settings. This comprehensive epidemiological survey provides critical data for understanding oral health disparities and informing public health interventions.

Oral traditions and mounds, owls and movement at Poverty Point: An archaeological ethnography of multispecies embodiments and everyday life

Monumental Earthworks of Poverty Point — 2019 — WHE77E95D97AE

Research at the Poverty Point World Heritage Site reveals that its monumental earthworks may represent a horned owl, aligning with oral traditions of a Muskogee-identified community. The study suggests that ancient peoples cultivated perspectival embodiments through everyday life in owl-shaped villages, challenging conventional ontological frameworks by emphasizing sensory and bodily perspectives intertwined with land. Contemporary descendants' return to the site reactivates shared multispecies sensory fields, described as 'Owl's teachings,' highlighting deep Indigenous histories of connection. This work advocates for an archaeology rooted in Native American and Indigenous studies, exploring how mounds can inspire resurgent possibilities through historical entanglements.

Orange, black, and a little bit of white is the new shade of conservation: the role of tourism in Monarch Butterfly Conservation in Mexico

Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve — 2019 — WHEB1577F87D6

Tourism and conservation are intricately linked in the management of Mexico's Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, where annual visitor influxes to witness monarch butterfly overwintering present both opportunities and challenges. An ethnographic study revealed that current tourism infrastructure—including trails, signage, visitor management, and educational strategies—effectively mitigates anthropogenic impacts while enhancing conservation efforts. The research highlights the need for refined strategies to balance ecological protection with immersive visitor experiences, offering actionable recommendations to sustain this iconic protected area.

Orbital controls on Namib Desert hydroclimate over the past 50,000 years

Namib Sand Sea — 2019 — WHEA32B06EEC8

A groundbreaking study reveals that the Namib Sand Sea, one of the world's oldest deserts, has experienced orbital-scale hydroclimatic variability over the past 50,000 years. Contrary to previous predictions, this variability is in phase with northern tropical cycles, with increased local summer insolation coinciding with periods of heightened aridity. The research, utilizing stratified rock hyrax urine deposits, provides the first continuous high-resolution terrestrial climate record for the Namib Desert. It links these changes to variations in atmospheric pressure cells, modulated by hemispheric and land-sea temperature gradients, and remote controls on the South Atlantic anticyclone, impacting upwelling and sea-surface temperatures.

Organic carbon distribution and budget of dominant woody plant community in the subalpine zone at volcanic Jeju Island, Korea

Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes — 2019 — WHE40BAAD4D50

Subalpine forests on Jeju Island, Korea, serve as significant carbon reservoirs, storing substantial organic carbon primarily in soil. A study comparing three dominant woody plant communities—Abies koreana, Taxus cuspidata, and Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii—revealed that while aboveground vegetation carbon stocks were highest in the A. koreana forest, soil organic carbon was most abundant in the J. chinensis forest. Unlike subalpine-alpine forests in India, where aboveground carbon dominates, Jeju's subalpine zone stores more carbon belowground. The research, conducted between 2014 and 2016, analyzed vegetation form, litter production, soil carbon, and respiration, providing insights into the ecosystem's carbon budget and its potential for high ecosystem services.

Organic Design in Twentieth-Century Nordic Architecture

Aalto Works — 2019 — WHE16FE8B5D2C

Organic architecture, as explored in 'Organic Design in Twentieth-Century Nordic Architecture,' is revealed to be a thematic unification of the built environment through allegorical expressions of interaction between designer, architectural brief, and building-as-process. This study examines how architects like Sigurd Lewerentz, Jørn Utzon, Sverre Fehn, and the Aaltos (Aino, Elissa, and Alvar) evolved their work by embracing organic design principles. The research approach involves analyzing their works and writings, demonstrating a concerted effort to harmonize architecture with its environment. With over 140 images, this book offers valuable insights for both students and professionals in the field.

Organización y empoderamiento de mujeres en el Turismo Rural Comunitario: Red Ecoturística Calakmul, Campeche, México

Ancient Maya City and Protected Tropical Forests of Calakmul, Campeche — 2019 — WHE650934CCD0

A study on the Red Ecoturística Calakmul (REC) reveals that community-based ecotourism initiatives significantly benefit women's empowerment and local economic development. The research found that REC enhanced women's organization, fostered productive activities like ecotourism, and boosted local economies while promoting education and personal growth. Women involved in the program gained confidence, time management skills, and recognition for their traditional knowledge. However, challenges such as a lack of gender perspective, economic conflicts, and limited municipal support persist, hindering further progress. The study used qualitative methods including group interviews, in-depth interviews, and participant observation to assess the impact of REC on women's empowerment and community development.

Organization of the Council

Bourges Cathedral — 2019 — WHE2094766D85

Medieval councils, including the one held at Bourges Cathedral in 1225, were organized through formal letters of convocation that specified time, place, and purpose. The council's location in Bourges was predominantly supported by contemporary sources, with seven chronicles and five letters attesting to its occurrence there, while only Walter of Coventry disputed this claim. Hosted by Simon, a prelate with ties to the crusade, the council likely served as a platform for recognizing his contributions and advancing the cause. Participants included high-ranking clergy such as archbishops, bishops, abbots, and deans, who gathered for a liturgical event marked by claims of metropolitan primacy, notably from Lyon over Sens and Rouen over Bourges, Auch, and Narbonne. This study reconstructs the council's organization and significance based on primary sources.