Phu Phrabat, a testimony to the Sīma stone tradition of the Dvaravati period


World Heritage Identification Number: 1507

World Heritage since: 2024

Category: Cultural Heritage

Transboundary Heritage: No

Endangered Heritage: No

Country: 🇹🇭 Thailand

Continent: Asia

UNESCO World Region: Asia and the Pacific

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Phu Phrabat: A Testament to the Sīma Stone Tradition of the Dvaravati Period

Phu Phrabat, located in Ban Phue District, Udon Thani Province, Thailand, stands as a unique testament to the Sīma stone tradition of the Dvaravati period (7th-11th centuries CE). This historical park, renowned for its distinctive rock formations, serves as a significant archaeological site that offers insights into the cultural practices and religious beliefs of ancient Southeast Asian societies.

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UNESCO Description of the World Heritage Site

The property illustrates the Sīma stone tradition of the Dvaravati period (7th-11th centuries CE). While sacred boundary markers for areas of Theravada Buddhist monastic practice vary in materials, extensive use of stones is found only in the Khorat Plateau region in Southeast Asia. Buddhism’s arrival in the 7th century led to an increase in the erection of Sīma stones throughout the region for over four centuries. The Phu Phrabat Mountain area preserves the largest corpus in the world of in situ Sīma stones from the Dvaravati period, testifying to the tradition that once prevailed in the region. The scale of Sīma stone erection and rock shelter modification has transformed the natural landscape into a religious centre, and rock paintings on surfaces of 47 rock shelters are the physical evidence of human occupation over two millennia.

Encyclopedia Record: Phu Phra Bat Historical Park

Phu Phra Bat is a historical park in Ban Phue District, Udon Thani Province, Thailand. The park's distinguishing feature is its unusual rock formations around which religious shrines have been constructed. Some formations also feature prehistoric rock paintings.

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Additional Site Details

Area: 585.955 hectares

UNESCO Criteria: (iii) — Unique or exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition
(v) — Outstanding example of traditional human settlement

Coordinates: 17.7310583333 , 102.3562666667

Image

Image of Phu Phrabat, a testimony to the Sīma stone tradition of the Dvaravati period

© Theppitak Karoonboonyanan, CC BY-SA 2.0 Resized from original. (This derivative is under the same CC BY-SA license.)

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Nearby World Heritage Sites

Ban Chiang Archaeological Site
100 km — Thailand
Megalithic Jar Sites in Xiengkhuang – Plain of Jars
207 km — Lao People's Democratic Republic
Town of Luang Prabang
241 km — Lao People's Democratic Republic
The Ancient Town of Si Thep and its Associated Dvaravati Monuments
283 km — Thailand
Historic Town of Sukhothai and Associated Historic Towns
284 km — Thailand

Country Information: Thailand

Flag of Thailand

Official Name: Kingdom of Thailand

Capital: Bangkok

Continent: Asia

Population (2024): 71,668,011

Population (2023): 71,702,435

Population (2022): 71,735,329

Land Area: 510,890 sq km

Currency: Thai baht (THB)

Country Data Sources

Last updated: January 18, 2026

Portions of the page Phu Phrabat, a testimony to the Sīma stone tradition of the Dvaravati period are based on data from UNESCO — World Heritage List Dataset and on text from the Wikipedia article Phu Phra Bat Historical Park, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Changes made. Additional original content by World Heritage Explorer (WHE), licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. WHE is not affiliated with UNESCO or the World Heritage Committee. Legal Notice. Privacy Policy.

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