Pasargadae
—
2019 —
WHE724C90B7D9
Persian garden design, originating millennia before Islam in Iran, represents one of the earliest and most influential garden concepts in human civilization. The chahar bagh or 4-fold garden design, epitomized by Pasargadae—the ancient Persian capital—served as a foundational model that spread globally, shaping gardens from Al-Andalus in Spain to Humayun’s Tomb and the Taj Mahal in India, as well as numerous sites in the United States. This study highlights how Persian gardens, such as Bagh-e-Eram in Shiraz and others like Bagh-e-Shahzadeh and Bagh-e-Fin, integrate climate, art, beliefs, poetry, literature, and romance while often serving as gene banks for flora. Despite historical destruction by invaders, Persians have continuously rebuilt or created new gardens, which remain significant tourist attractions. The research underscores the enduring legacy of Persian garden design in global horticulture.
Angkor
—
2019 —
WHE018E97F3EE
Angkor Wat's modern heritage status is the product of complex, interconnected colonial, postcolonial, and global narratives. This study reveals how European and Asian projects shaped its perception over 150 years, from 1860s 'discovery' to its UNESCO World Heritage designation in 1992. It challenges conventional histories by examining physical representations—like plaster casts and hybrid pavilions—as well as on-site restoration efforts during Cambodia's turbulent decolonization (1953–89). Through over 1,400 illustrations, the work traces Angkor Wat's transformation from a French-colonial 'Orientalist' symbol to a global icon of national identity. The research method combines archival analysis with visual documentation, offering a transcultural framework that redefines heritage formation.
Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur
—
2019 —
WHE55CB1BAD83
A new understanding of the ancient Egyptian toponym Ankhtawy ('Life of the Two Lands') reveals it initially designated the Wadi Abusir, not Memphis or its necropolis. This conclusion emerges from a multidisciplinary analysis integrating written records, archaeology, geomorphology, and paleoenvironmental evidence, challenging previous interpretations. The study traces the toponym's shifting significance from the Third Millennium BC to the New Kingdom, highlighting its evolving role in both geographic and cognitive landscapes. By synthesizing scarce but fragmented data with novel archaeological and environmental findings, researchers reconstruct Ankhtawy's dynamic nature, offering insights into ancient Egyptian spatial perception and cultural practices.
Socotra Archipelago
—
2019 —
WHE73D2E382A9
A comprehensive catalogue of beetles (Coleoptera) from the Socotra Archipelago reveals that nearly half (47%) of the 645 recorded species are endemic to the region, highlighting its unique biodiversity. The study identified 24 new species for the archipelago and corrected five previous misidentifications. It also documented three species previously unknown on nearby islands, Abd el Kuri and Samha. Additionally, Lithocharis socotrana, a species described from Socotra, was recorded for the first time in continental Yemen. The research combines taxonomic identification with geographic distribution analysis, providing insights into the archipelago's beetle diversity and its connections to broader Afrotropical and Saharo-Arabian regions.
Anticosti
—
2019 —
WHE089B23B43F
The Anticosti foreland basin, largely concealed beneath the Gulf of St. Lawrence, preserves a critical record of tectonic events linked to the Ordovician to Devonian evolution of the northern Appalachian orogen. Geophysical data, including magnetic lineaments and seismic profiles, reveal that the basin's geometry and subsidence rates varied significantly over time, reflecting changes in orogenic loading during multiple collisional events. The Middle Ordovician Goose Tickle Group indicates intense arc-continent collision in northern Newfoundland, while the overlying Long Point Group suggests pro-arc loading by Taconian allochthons in Québec, with diachronous subduction polarity reversal placing it in a combined retro-arc and pro-arc setting. The uppermost Silurian to Lower Devonian Clam Bank Formation and Lower Devonian Red Island Road Formation represent later Salinian and Acadian orogenic phases, characterized by broad, shallow subsidence consistent with a cooler, stronger lithosphere.
Danube Delta
—
2019 —
WHE16309C4DD5
Danube Delta Nymphaea alba (N. alba) extracts exhibit significant antifungal, antitumoral, and antioxidant properties, with potential therapeutic applications. The study found that both leaf and root methanolic extracts demonstrated strong antifungal activity against Candida glabrata, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1.717 µg/mL for leaves and 1.935 µg/mL for roots. Antitumoral effects were also promising, particularly against ovarian, prostate, and breast cancer cells, with IC50 values ranging from 23–274 µg/mL for leaves and 18–152 µg/mL for roots. Notably, combining N. alba extracts with cisplatin showed a synergistic effect in reducing tumor cell viability. Antioxidant assays revealed the presence of quercetin, a potent antioxidant compound, in high yields. The study also confirmed the non-toxicity of these extracts to wheat seed germination, suggesting their safety for further biological applications.
Cathedral, Alcázar and Archivo de Indias in Seville
—
2019 —
WHEEA7EF85526
Cardinal Juan de Cervantes' sepulcher in the Cathedral of Seville, carved by Lorenzo Mercadante between 1454 and 1458, represents a significant fusion of humanistic and Gothic artistic sensibilities in fifteenth-century funerary monuments. This monument, located in San Hermenegildo’s Chapel, was designed to perpetuate the memory of the illustrious cardinal, who participated in key ecclesiastical councils in Siena and Basel. The study reveals that its epigraphic program draws parallels with contemporary monuments across Castile and Italy, reflecting new aesthetic sensibilities tied to writing. By analyzing documentary and bibliographical sources, researchers contextualized the foundation of the chapel and explored potential connotations within its epigraphic message, contributing to the broader necrological landscape of the era.
Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve
—
2019 —
WHEC803F9BB5A
Ant communities in tropical mountain chains, particularly those in Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve, show significant resilience to early mining disturbances but are more vulnerable in forest habitats. A study comparing ant richness and species composition across three vegetation zones—highland meadows, transition savannahs, and altitudinal forests—revealed that while meadows and savannahs remained relatively stable between mining prospecting sites and nearby undisturbed areas (World Heritage Sites), forest habitats exhibited notable differences. Despite variations in weather and soil variables, such as soil pH, vegetation structure emerged as the primary factor influencing ant assemblage composition. This finding underscores the critical role of native forest protection and rehabilitation in successful mine site restoration efforts.
Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacan
—
2019 —
WHE5B092278FE
A new analysis of legacy data from Teotihuacan reveals that the ancient city's Xolalpan-Metepec population likely reached 100,000 persons. Researchers refined wealth-based housing typologies and used network methods to analyze spatial configurations within excavated compounds, providing unprecedented insights into dwelling sizes and urban layouts. By extrapolating these findings across mapped residences, they generated a range of population estimates, with 100,000 identified as the most reasonable figure. This study demonstrates how historical data can address contemporary research questions, offering a significant contribution to our understanding of Teotihuacan's demographic scale and urban organization.
Teide National Park
—
2019 —
WHEA4A63F7A3D
A comprehensive survey of Aphyllophoroid fungi in Teide National Park, Tenerife, Canary Islands, identifies 133 species, significantly expanding the known mycobiota of this UNESCO World Heritage Site. The study, published in Mycotaxon, utilizes annotated species distribution data to document fungal diversity in one of the most biodiverse volcanic landscapes on Earth. Researchers employed field sampling and taxonomic analysis to characterize these fungi, which play crucial roles in ecosystem processes such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. This work contributes to our understanding of fungal biodiversity in extreme environments and underscores the importance of preserving such unique habitats.
Taxila
—
2019 —
WHE589578F216
Apollonius of Tyana, a sage from ancient Asia Minor, is recognized as a significant historical 'witness' for Hellenistic Taxila, despite the fictionalized nature of his biography by Philostratus. This chapter highlights Apollonius's extensive travels across the Roman Empire and beyond, including interactions with the Brahmans of Taxila, which provide valuable insights into the cultural and intellectual exchanges during this period. The historicity of Philostratus's account remains a subject of debate, but it offers a unique perspective on the significance of Taxila in Hellenistic times.
Natural System of Wrangel Island Reserve
—
2019 —
WHEAC2448C78A
In the early 20th century, Wrangel Island became a focal point of international dispute involving Russia, Canada, and the United States. The conflict was instigated by Canadian polar explorer W. Stefansson, who sought to claim the island for Canada through a private expedition in 1921. However, the Canadian government feared this would undermine its broader Arctic claims. Stefansson later announced that his expedition would guarantee British rights to the island, drawing Russia, Britain, and the U.S. into the dispute. Russia vehemently opposed foreign claims, while the U.S. preferred Russian sovereignty over British or Japanese control. By 1924, Britain and Canada abandoned their claims, resolving the dispute. This study highlights how geopolitical tensions shaped Arctic territorial negotiations, ultimately leading to the establishment of Arctic sectors by Canada and Russia.
The Forth Bridge
—
2019 —
WHE97E2481B9D
A two-year monitoring campaign using the GeoSHM system on the Forth Road Bridge revealed significant susceptibility of long-span bridges to wind loads, with extreme events like Storm Ali demonstrating a clear relationship between wind speed and bridge response. The study analyzed data from 2015–2017, highlighting challenges in extracting actionable damage and reliability information for maintenance planning. Supported by the European Space Agency, GeoSHM employed GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and Earth Observation techniques to address gaps in structural health monitoring of critical infrastructure.
Curonian Spit
—
2019 —
WHEB8EBA32BBF
Nearshore sandbars, dynamic underwater features critical to sediment exchange between beaches and nearshore zones, can be effectively monitored using unmanned aerial system (UAS) imagery. This study demonstrates that UAS flights, combined with echo sounding surveys, provide high-resolution data capable of tracking longshore migration and cross-shore structure changes in sandbars along the Curonian Spit, Lithuania. The findings highlight the potential of UAS technology to complement traditional bathymetric surveys, offering valuable insights for post-storm nearshore monitoring and morphodynamic analysis.
Muskauer Park / Park Mużakowski
—
2019 —
WHE6F7AC5E0CF
Geodetic monitoring combined with neuro-fuzzy systems, such as the Takaga-Sugeno model, can effectively predict and assess horizontal and vertical displacements of engineering structures. This approach is particularly useful for rapidly changing phenomena like deformations in buildings or natural disasters. The study demonstrates its application on a historical footbridge in Muskauer Park, highlighting the potential of integrating artificial intelligence with geodetic technologies to improve the qualitative assessment of structural conditions.
Hatra
—
2019 —
WHEB0E0800251
Aramaic graffiti from Hatra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in North Iraq, offer unprecedented insights into the daily life of this ancient civilization between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD. Analyzing 48 published and 37 unpublished graffiti, researchers Marco Moriggi and Ilaria Bucci reveal the city's vibrant social interactions through epigraphic and archaeological methods. The study, based on the Archive of the Missione Archeologica Italiana (Turin), provides a comprehensive edition of these texts, including concordances with other Hatran texts and detailed archaeological context. This approach bridges gaps in historical records, showcasing graffiti as a vital but often overlooked source for understanding urban dynamics in antiquity.
Pre-Hispanic City and National Park of Palenque
—
2019 —
WHEB620C78E30
Black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) in Palenque National Park, Mexico, employ route navigation as an energetically efficient strategy to optimize foraging success. The study found that these primates use established routes more frequently when they increase visual access to food resources and avoid costly landscape features like steep slopes or canopy gaps. Highly used route segments (utilized at least four times) were also associated with elevated areas, particularly under conditions of reduced visual access to food, suggesting a balance between energy expenditure and foraging efficiency. The research, conducted over 12 months, mapped the movement paths of five monkey groups using linear mixed models to analyze the influence of food distribution and landscape attributes on route selection.
Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia
—
2019 —
WHE7845A9F9A6
A study of Salvador de Bahia's urban tree population reveals a dominance of exotic species (53.3%) over native ones, with only 17.1% representing the local Atlantic Forest ecosystem. The research, based on quantitative inventories of street and plaza trees, identified 82 species from 61 genera and 27 families, predominantly Fabaceae, with Terminalia catappa, Clitoria fairchildiana, and Pachira aquatica making up 28.4% of the community. Notably, only 26.4% of species provide food for local fauna, while six toxic or allergenic species, including Nerium oleander and Thevetia peruviana, were found. Ten potentially invasive species, such as Casuarina equisetifolia, also emerged as significant. The analysis underscores the need for balanced urban forestry practices to preserve biodiversity and mitigate ecological risks.
Site of Palmyra
—
2019 —
WHE50828DED2E
A significant shift in architectural techniques occurred in Palmyra, Syria, around the 3rd century AD. Prior to this period, arches and vaults were constructed using a corbelled system, even in iconic structures like the Monumental Arch of Palmyra. This method was unique compared to other ancient Syrian sites. The study analyzes the development and evolution of building construction techniques in Palmyra, providing insights into how local architectural practices diverged from broader regional trends during this transformative period.
Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam
—
2019 —
WHE42334B0DD1
A newly revealed city at the Minaret of Jam, along with significant discoveries such as the Rabatak inscription detailing Kushan kings' genealogy and a vast archive of Bactrian documents, has been documented in the revised edition of the <em>Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan</em>. This comprehensive reference work, now featuring over 1500 catalogue entries, synthesizes new fieldwork, previously unpublished materials, and older findings, providing an unparalleled resource for Afghanistan's cultural heritage. The gazetteer incorporates site plans, drawings, and satellite imagery-derived maps, offering a detailed record of archaeological sites from the earliest times to the Timurid period. It serves as an essential tool for researchers, students, and those interested in Afghanistan's rich historical legacy.
The Archaeological Heritage of Niah National Park’s Caves Complex
—
2019 —
WHEFDBE70F1D3
Archaeological excavations at Trader's Cave, Niah National Park, reveal significant untapped potential for understanding the region's prehistoric and environmental history. The cave, the second largest in the park, has remained largely unexplored since brief 1956 excavations by Tom and Barbara Harrisson, whose work focused on nearby Niah Great Cave Complex (NGCC). This study, spanning three field seasons from 2017 to 2019, marks the first systematic archaeological investigation within Trader's Cave, uncovering new insights into its palaeoenvironmental and human occupation history. The research employs a combination of stratigraphic excavation, sediment analysis, and speleological mapping to assess the cave's archaeological layers, which hold promise for advancing knowledge of Southeast Asia's prehistoric landscapes and human adaptations.
Chavin (Archaeological Site)
—
2019 —
WHE4F31588A12
Children in Chavín de Huántar, Peru, primarily perceive the site as a 'Golden-Age' period, largely due to tourism-focused narratives and limited educational outreach. The study reveals that local and national institutions often overlook the site's 3000+ years of history, with exceptions like the National Museum of Chavín. Despite political and communication barriers between the town and archaeological projects, collaborative efforts such as a summer camp and teacher workshop were well-received, demonstrating the potential for sustainable educational impact. The research underscores the need to decolonize historical teaching to empower Indigenous communities and women, while highlighting the role of archaeologists in fostering inclusive narratives.
Major Town Houses of the Architect Victor Horta (Brussels)
—
2019 —
WHE73644970D5
Victor Horta's architectural legacy, recognized as part of world culture since 1967, showcases groundbreaking Art Nouveau designs that were later inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2000. This study highlights four key buildings—Tassel House (1892–1893), Hôtel Solvay (1894–1900), Hôtel van Eetvelde (1895–1897), and the Horta Museum (1898–1900)—analyzing their innovative architectural, compositional, and structural features. Beyond his artistic contributions, Horta's scientific, pedagogical, and sociopolitical activities are also examined, offering a comprehensive view of his multifaceted influence on European architecture.
Medici Villas and Gardens in Tuscany
—
2019 —
WHE01285B7579
Women of means, such as Vittoria della Rovere, used architecture and palace building not only to express their identity but also as a form of public statecraft. This study examines her architectural patronage, interior design, and decoration projects across Tuscany, particularly at the Pitti Palace and her own Villa del Poggio Imperiale, which she purchased in 1659. Through detailed analysis of building works, renovations, and decorative elements, it reveals how Vittoria leveraged these residences to leave a lasting cultural mark and assert her influence, challenging traditional notions of patronage and gendered power dynamics.
Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s Church
—
2019 —
WHEC9FBA27C83
A long-standing relationship between architecture and political culture emerges from the Palace of Westminster, revealing how its design has shaped parliamentary rituals, acoustics, and access to political space over seven centuries. The study highlights that the layout and structure of the Commons and Lords chambers have consistently influenced their functionality, while also reflecting broader societal changes—particularly in terms of gender inclusion before the franchise extension. Through a combination of fieldwork at Westminster, archival research, and acoustic analysis, the research demonstrates that parliamentary spaces were not merely functional but deeply symbolic, embedding power dynamics into their very design. This perspective challenges conventional views on political architecture by emphasizing its role in reinforcing or subverting ceremonial traditions.
Ancient City of Damascus
—
2019 —
WHEAE245BC4A5
The architecture of the Middle Ages, particularly in the Ancient City of Damascus, reflects the cultural and artistic evolution of Arab civilization. This study reveals that while early Arabians were modest, their conquests led to the adoption of luxurious styles from subjugated nations, integrating elements from regions spanning the Indus to the Nile. A key finding is the introduction of the lofty minaret in the Great Mosque of Damascus, founded by Caliph I. Alwalid, marking a significant architectural innovation. The research highlights the Arabs' contributions to arts and sciences, with buildings erected under Ommiad caliphs in Spain rivaling those of ancient civilizations. This work underscores the fusion of Arab culture with broader regional influences, demonstrating their advanced architectural achievements during this period.
New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands
—
2019 —
WHEA3FA0875A8
Moths emerge as critical pollinators in the depauperate insect fauna of Subantarctic New Zealand, where they carry pollen from four plant species despite harsh conditions and low abundance. The study, conducted across three habitat types using Heath moth traps, found that moths transported pollen most abundantly from <em>Bulbinella rossii</em> and <em>Dracophyllum longifolium</em>, with shrubland environments showing higher pollen diversity per moth. While weather influenced moth distribution, local flowering patterns—particularly the dominance of <em>D. longifolium</em>—better explained their pollination potential. This is the first evidence that moths play an overlooked role in Subantarctic plant reproduction, challenging assumptions about insect-mediated pollination in species-poor island ecosystems.
Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region
—
2019 —
WHEC3B283A918
A groundbreaking analysis links Comet Encke to significant historical events and observations, spanning ancient Greece, the Bible, Chinese records, and Egyptian chronicles. The study identifies Comet Encke as the celestial phenomenon witnessed by Aristotle in 372 BC, described in biblical texts during King David's reign (964 BC), and recorded in Chinese annals at the end of the Shang Dynasty (1060 BC). Additionally, a stele from the temple of Amon at Gebel Barkal corroborates Comet Encke's appearance during Pharaoh Thutmosis III's 47th year of reign (1460 BC), supporting the High Chronology for ancient Egypt. The research combines historical records, astronomical data, and archaeological evidence to establish these connections.
Prambanan Temple Compounds
—
2019 —
WHEE6506F756E
A physical tour-map, the Arloka Map, significantly enhances tourists' understanding of local wisdom values at Prambanan Temple. Testing with 50 domestic visitors revealed that those using the map scored 8.72 on knowledge retention compared to 4.44 for non-users, demonstrating its effectiveness in communication. The study employed observation, literature reviews, and pre- and post-tests analyzed via SPSS to validate the map's success. This innovative approach bridges traditional heritage interpretation with modern tourism, offering a practical tool to preserve and disseminate cultural insights at UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Cathedral, Alcázar and Archivo de Indias in Seville
—
2019 —
WHED368B139E7
During the reign of Charles II, Spain's declining monarchy faced significant challenges in supplying arms and ammunition to its colonial territories in the Indies. Economic difficulties severely hindered the production and distribution of weapons, leading to continuous delays in their remission. This study reveals that the monarchy's reliance on the asiento system for contracted production exacerbated these issues, while the Viceroyalties' potential contributions were largely untapped. The research analyzed extensive documentation from the Archivo de Indias (Seville), the Archivo General de Simancas (Valladolid), and the Archivo Histórico Nacional (Madrid) to uncover how debates on arms supply extended beyond local councils, involving higher authorities like the Council of War and the Council of State, especially during European conflicts. This historical insight underscores the complex logistical and economic hurdles faced by Spain in maintaining its colonial defense during a period of monarchy decline.
Arslantepe Mound
—
2019 —
WHEE02739F30C
A content analysis of online reviews on TripAdvisor for Arslantepe Mound, a significant archaeological site in Malatya, Turkey, reveals overwhelmingly positive visitor experiences. Over 58% of the 81 reviews rated the site as 'excellent,' with only one 'terrible' and two 'poor' ratings. Many visitors (13.6%) strongly recommended the site for future visits, highlighting its historical significance. The study also identifies key areas for improvement, such as updating the site's name from Aslantepe to Arslantepe and suggesting the establishment of a museum on-site to display artifacts currently housed elsewhere. This research contributes to the understanding of cultural tourism at Arslantepe Mound, offering actionable insights for local authorities and policymakers to enhance visitor experience and promote the site's heritage value.
Ancient City of Aleppo
—
2019 —
WHEEA137A72FE
This study advocates for boundary-crossing approaches in art history, emphasizing the importance of engaging with phenomena that transgress traditional parameters. It highlights how such an approach can provoke new lines of inquiry and challenge existing analytical frameworks, periodization, and aesthetic hierarchies. Using examples from her research on early modern Mediterranean travel imagery, the author demonstrates how artifacts like Guillaume-Joseph Grelot's pen and ink designs of Aleppo (1675) and Melchior Lorck's expansive drawing of Constantinople (1559) exemplify this method. These works, often dismissed for their artistic finish, are re-evaluated for their materiality, global relations, and the processes of making and remaking worlds. The study underscores the potential of transcultural research to foster innovative approaches that acknowledge differences rather than assimilate them, focusing on experimentation, failure, and the edges of things.
Complex of Koguryo Tombs
—
2019 —
WHE57BBE4DC7A
A prototype mobile Augmented Reality (AR) app demonstrates how ICT-based strategies can reveal diagnostic analyses of cultural heritage, making complex conservation insights accessible to a broad audience. Focusing on the fragile and hard-to-reach Koguryo tombs in Korea, the study showcases AR's potential to enhance understanding of historical sites beyond traditional digital guides. By integrating smart objects with enhanced capabilities, the app bridges the gap between specialized scientific information and public engagement, offering a novel approach to heritage conservation communication.
Maritime Greenwich
—
2019 —
WHEF0BFC75AD1
Maritime Greenwich's collection of mathematical instruments, particularly those from the Royal Observatory founded in 1675, offers a unique glimpse into the evolution of scientific instrumentation and its applications. These instruments, now housed at the National Maritime Museum, played pivotal roles in advancements such as marine navigation, hydrographic surveying, calendar reform, and mathematical practices. The chapter highlights specific examples from the collection, illustrating their historical significance and contributions to scientific progress. By examining these artifacts, the study sheds light on Greenwich's enduring impact on global navigation and timekeeping, providing insights into both practical applications and theoretical developments in mathematics.
Tiwanaku: Spiritual and Political Centre of the Tiwanaku Culture
—
2019 —
WHE4233AAF5E8
Arthur Posnansky, a pioneering figure in Tiwanaku archaeology, is recognized for his significant yet contentious contributions to the field. Despite lacking formal archaeological training, he dedicated nearly five decades to studying the Andean past and promoting a hyperbolic narrative of Tiwanaku as the 'cradle of American man.' His work, though influenced by racist anthropology, remains relevant in understanding both popular perceptions and scholarly interpretations of the site. Posnansky's approach combined naval expertise, business acumen, and scholarly passion, leaving an enduring legacy that continues to shape discussions around Tiwanaku.
Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity
—
2019 —
WHE11C1601308
The Rural Territorial Council of Ilha Grande Bay (BIG) has emerged as a pivotal arena for productive inclusion, fostering sustainable rural development through strategic articulation and negotiation among civil society actors. This study reveals that the Council's proactive engagement has significantly widened market opportunities and strengthened commercialization pathways for rural communities, demonstrating its effectiveness in bridging institutional gaps over three and a half years of research. Employing participant observation, action research, bibliographical analysis, documentary review, and semi-structured interviews, the research highlights how this collaborative network has advanced public interest strategies while promoting social protagonism.
Canterbury Cathedral, St Augustine's Abbey, and St Martin's Church
—
2019 —
WHE6059BF0742
A new analysis of Exeter Riddle 55 provides a fresh solution, while Latin verse in an Old English medical codex is examined for its cultural significance. The volume also explores the figure of Beowulf in a Scandinavian context and delves into the legal culture under Dena lage during Æthelred the Unready's reign. Additionally, it investigates liturgical performance as pastoral care through the lens of Leofric of Exeter and examines self-seeking themes in The Metres of Boethius. The collection concludes with a study on St Dunstan and the heavenly choirs of St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury, as depicted in Goscelin's Historia translationis S. Augustini.
Cultural Landscape of the Serra de Tramuntana
—
2019 —
WHE046DEBFCA7
The Serra de Tramuntana showcases a diverse and ecologically significant landscape that combines marine and terrestrial wonders. This region includes some of the best-preserved endemic Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows in the Mediterranean Sea, declared as UNESCO World Heritage between Ibiza and Formentera. The Cabrera Archipelago, off Mallorca's coast, is Spain's first 'Sea and Land National Park,' hosting endangered species like the pen shell (Pinna nobilis). The area also features stunning coastal landscapes with turquoise waters, nestled between cliffs or surrounded by the Serra de Tramuntana. This cultural landscape offers opportunities for scientific exploration, including marine biodiversity studies, geological formations, and ecological research. It serves as a natural laboratory for understanding the interplay between human activities and environmental conservation in a Mediterranean context.
Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island
—
2019 —
WHE4F7F58CCB1
Research on the land hermit crab <em>Coenobita brevimanus</em> in Amitori, an abandoned village on Iriomote Island, Japan, reveals a population exceeding 1000 individuals with higher recapture rates than previously observed. These crabs, which rely on discarded shells of edible marine gastropods like <em>Turbo (Marmarostoma) argyrostomus</em>, grow significantly larger compared to populations in adjacent uninhabited or inhabited areas without shell middens. The study found that Amitori's hermit crab population uses a higher proportion of abraded and broken shells, suggesting a preference for either small, undamaged shells or large, damaged ones. While the crabs' growth and abundance depend on a continuous supply of new gastropod shells, the uninhabited status of Amitori may lead to a future decline in large crab proportions. The research employed mark-recapture experiments to estimate population size and analyzed shell use patterns, providing insights into the ecological impact of human abandonment on these crustaceans.
Tajik National Park (Mountains of the Pamirs)
—
2019 —
WHEA9786FBFE9
A study analyzing stable isotope compositions of oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δ2H) in precipitation from the Western Pamir Mountains, Tajikistan, reveals that moisture contributions from the Mediterranean region are smaller than previously anticipated. Deuterium excess values (d), a fingerprint of moisture origin, were consistently below 13‰ for most of the year, with a notable peak of 19‰ in March—contrary to expectations of increased Mediterranean influence during winter. Lagrangian backward trajectory modeling using HYSPLIT indicated that while up to 40% of moisture in March originated from western sources, 40–60% of winter precipitation was traced back to the Northern Indian Ocean. This challenges long-held assumptions about moisture sources for Central Asia and underscores the dynamic nature of water vapor transport under climate change.
Ancient City of Polonnaruwa
—
2019 —
WHE25B1D3DDC8
In Sri Lanka's biodiversity hotspot, human-monkey conflict (HMC) is increasing due to high human density and unnatural primate population growth. A survey of 13 villages near the Ancient City of Polonnaruwa revealed that while rural residents generally hold neutral or positive sentiments toward monkeys, 80% desire their translocation from properties to protected areas—a solution deemed impractical. The study found that public understanding of HMC's underlying causes is poor, hindering effective conflict resolution. The research suggests a combination of feeding bans, localized contraceptive interventions, and extensive education as benign alternatives to primate destruction. Strengthening exclusive protected habitats for wildlife emerges as a priority for coexistence.
The Sundarbans
—
2019 —
WHE0B6371DB5A
Communities in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR), India, face very high socio-economic vulnerability to climate change-induced disasters such as cyclones and storm surges. The study identified Basanti, Gosaba, Kultali, Namkhana, and Patharpratima blocks as particularly vulnerable, while Kakdwip, Sagar, and Hingalganj showed high vulnerability. This finding was derived from a pragmatic analysis combining exposure metrics—like storm surge height, flood inundation, and drainage factors—with sensitivity and adaptation data from a field survey of 570 households. The research highlights that constant exposure to extreme weather events, coupled with weak infrastructure and poverty, hinders socio-economic progress. Recommendations for improvement include stronger infrastructure, early warning systems, disaster monitoring centers, better transport connectivity, and enhanced livelihood opportunities. This approach effectively demonstrates the impact of climate change on coastal communities and suggests adaptive measures to mitigate vulnerabilities.
Soltaniyeh
—
2019 —
WHEC468E6C5CB
A positive and significant correlation exists between historical tourism capacity and rural sustainable development in the Soltaniyeh area, Zanjan province. The study, conducted on 319 randomly sampled households across 12 rural settlements, found that metrics such as tourist acceptance capacity, hospitality unit potential, and recreational service provision were strongly linked to environmental-ecological, socio-economic, and physical development dimensions. Conversely, group tour operational capacity and accommodation service potential did not contribute significantly to sustainable development outcomes. These findings underscore the need for targeted policy interventions to enhance tourism infrastructure and services, thereby fostering rural sustainability in the region.
Macquarie Island
—
2019 —
WHE69D3968CAB
Management of invasive species in remote, protected areas poses significant challenges due to the difficulty of eradication and potential off-target impacts. This study assessed the efficacy and impact of both physical and chemical control methods on Poa annua, an invasive grass species, at sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island. While none of the four physical disturbance methods tested effectively reduced P. annua cover as one-off treatments, herbicides such as glyphosate and trifloxysulfuron sodium proved effective with minimal damage to native grasses, indicating potential selectivity. The research highlights that an integrated weed management program, combining strategic herbicide use with follow-up chemical and physical interventions, could balance control outcomes and biodiversity preservation. This study underscores the importance of site-specific testing of control methods and understanding their off-target impacts in managing alien plant species in protected areas.
Wadden Sea
—
2019 —
WHE6039399ADB
Salt marshes in the European Wadden Sea, despite rapid succession over the past 80–120 years, demonstrate a significant long-term carbon-sequestration potential compared to their former tidal-flat ecosystems. However, deep-core analyses reveal substantial losses of organic carbon (OC) in well-aerated marsh soils, emphasizing the need for thorough sampling to avoid overestimating sequestration rates. The study, using foraminiferal taxa and grain size distributions, found that while salt marshes effectively store more OC than tidal flats, a large portion of this preserved carbon originates from marine-derived allochthonous sources rather than atmospheric CO₂ uptake by vegetation. This insight challenges assumptions about the primary contributors to blue carbon stocks and underscores the complexity of incorporating these ecosystems into carbon-crediting programs.
Grand Canyon National Park
—
2019 —
WHE17756DCE2F
High fire severity on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon leads to forests with lower canopy cover and increased surface roughness, while more frequent low-severity fires result in denser canopies and smoother terrain. A three-component structure classification—incorporating canopy cover, vertical fuel distribution, and surface roughness—proved a stronger predictor of fire impacts than mean canopy height alone. Using airborne laser scanning (ALS) data, researchers analyzed post-fire forest structure across an elevation gradient, revealing that fire severity introduces heterogeneity in vegetation types. This study provides a novel dataset linking fire behavior to structural changes, offering critical insights for fire management and conservation efforts at Grand Canyon National Park.
Mount Taishan
—
2019 —
WHEE8BD99405B
Aerosol concentrations at Mount Tai, North China, reveal significant secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, particularly during cloud/fog events, with OC and EC levels exceeding those recorded at other domestic or international sites. The study identified three primary emission sources—diesel vehicle exhaust, biomass burning, and a mix of gasoline vehicle emissions with coal combustion—contributing 26.4%, 19.0%, and 54.5% to carbonaceous aerosols, respectively. Regional sources in the northwest, southwest, and east coastal areas also significantly impacted PM2.5 loading. The research employed thermal-optical reflectance (TOR) analysis and source apportionment techniques like PSCF and PMF to characterize these patterns.
Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove
—
2019 —
WHE89C1483CD3
A positive and significant relationship exists between challenges, potentials, and the development of Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove. The study reveals that factors such as inadequate funding, lack of security, poor facilities, and inconsistent policies negatively impact the site's growth. It recommends increased government funding, collaboration with private tourism investors, and policy reforms to retain revenue for conservation and safety. This research provides actionable insights for the National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM), Bureau of Tourism Development in Osun State, and Nigeria Tourism Development Corporation.
Medieval Town of Toruń
—
2019 —
WHE9FED363278
A study reveals that inland passenger water navigation in the Bydgoszcz-Toruń Functional Area (B-TOF), Poland, holds significant potential for urban ecological recreation and tourism enhancement. This area, unique globally for its connection of two water trails (E-40 and E-70) forming the 'Bydgoszcz Water Node,' could benefit from expanded water connections, including a proposed water tram in Toruń—a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site—and new marinas. The research used strategic planning documents and a simulation transport model to project passenger flows under three socio-economic scenarios (optimistic, stable, regressive) for 2020–2030. While the proposed investments require substantial funding, their non-profit nature aligns with broader goals of promoting sustainable transport, ecological urban development, and leisure tourism in the region.
Pantanal Conservation Area
—
2019 —
WHED3704C79B8
A study assessing land use changes in the Private Natural Heritage Reserve (RPPN SESC Pantanal), a Ramsar site and critical conservation unit in Brazil's Pantanal biome, reveals significant vegetation recovery over 12 years. From 2000 to 2012, forest cover increased by more than 15.6%, while shrub and grassland classes declined by 6.6% and 9.1%, respectively. The research leveraged MODIS satellite data (MCD12Q1 product) to evaluate large-scale conservation impacts, demonstrating its utility despite limitations in spatial resolution and biome-specific classification challenges. This approach provides a robust tool for monitoring ecosystem dynamics in the Pantanal, offering insights into the effectiveness of protected areas in mitigating land-use pressures.
