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Showing 2961 – 2980 of 15962 publications

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Use and Cover Dynamics in Protected Areas of the Brazilian Cerrado

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2025 — WHE6C0682307B

Protected areas within the Brazilian Cerrado, such as Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks, exhibit significantly more constrained land use and cover dynamics compared to their buffer zones (BZs), with some parks like Templo dos Pilares showing extensive preserved vegetation. However, surrounding BZs face intense land use pressures, posing potential threats to biodiversity conservation in these protected areas. A spatiotemporal analysis of satellite imagery from 1985 to 2018 revealed that while NPA maintain stable land cover patterns, their BZs experience rapid transformations, highlighting the need for proactive management strategies to mitigate external pressures and safeguard long-term conservation efforts.

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Water Quality Conditions in High-Andean Lakes Based on Satellite Indicators Using Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8/9 Images

Sangay National Park — 2025 — WHEB1FE2B8796

A spatiotemporal analysis of water quality in the ultra-oligotrophic Ozogoche lakes within Sangay National Park, using Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8/9 imagery, reveals consistent low nutrient levels over an eight-year period (2016–2024). The study leveraged automated water products from the C2RCC processor, with C2RCC demonstrating the highest accuracy for chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) measurements (RMSE = 0.68 mg/m³), outperforming other satellite-derived products. This approach effectively overcomes challenges posed by optical complexity and cloud cover, providing reliable data for monitoring high-Andean aquatic ecosystems. The findings underscore the potential of remote sensing to support sustainable water resource management in protected areas.

Spatiotemporal distribution and detection of spatial clusters of tuberculosis in Hubei Province, China using FleXScan (2017–2023)

Hubei Shennongjia — 2025 — WHEBD563FF981

A study analyzing tuberculosis (TB) distribution in Hubei Province, China, from 2017 to 2023, reveals significant spatiotemporal clustering of cases. Using the FleXScan method and GIS spatial analysis, researchers identified persistent high-risk clusters primarily in western and southwestern regions, including Enshi Prefecture and Shennongjia Forestry District. These areas maintained an average annual incidence of over 110 per 100,000 population with no significant decline, contrasting with the province's overall reduction from 68.28 to 54.54 per 100,000. The findings underscore the need for targeted TB prevention strategies that account for regional economic, geographical, and healthcare disparities.

Spatiotemporal Land Use and Land Cover Changes and Their Impact on Landscape Patterns in the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape (2014–2034)

Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia — 2025 — WHE03EE1ACB63

Urban expansion and deforestation are significantly altering the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape (CCLC), a UNESCO World Heritage site, with urban areas projected to increase from 1.46% in 2014 to 15.64% by 2034, while forest cover is expected to decline by 77.8%. Concurrently, coffee-growing areas may shrink from 77.91% in 2019 to 68.40% by 2034, leading to heightened landscape fragmentation and spatial heterogeneity. The study employed a hybrid Cellular Automata and Artificial Neural Network (CA-ANN) model, validated with multispectral Landsat 8 and Synthetic Aperture Radar (Sentinel-1) data, achieving high accuracy (Kappa coefficient of 0.84). These findings underscore the urgent need for conservation strategies to mitigate anthropogenic pressures on this culturally significant landscape.

Spatulosia elegans Volynkin, 2025, sp. n.

Forest Massif of Odzala-Kokoua — 2025 — WHE5B1B2C7667

A newly discovered moth species, Spatulosia elegans, has been identified in the Odzala-Kokoua National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Republic of Congo. This elegant species, distinguished by its unique male genitalia structures, differs from similar Spatulosia species through key morphological traits such as a broader uncus and valva, among others. The discovery was made through extensive field sampling using actinic light traps and molecular analysis, with specimens collected across various locations within the park. While the female remains unknown, genetic data suggest a significant evolutionary distinction from closely related species like S. ivindo, with a pairwise distance of 3.17%. The specific epithet 'elegans' reflects its graceful appearance, contributing to the rich biodiversity documented in this critical conservation area.

Spatulosia ivindo Volynkin, 2025, sp. n.

Ivindo National Park — 2025 — WHEBF597FE2B8

A new species of moth, Spatulosia ivindo, has been discovered within the Ivindo National Park in Gabon. This species is distinguished by unique asymmetrical valvae and an S-shaped phallus, differing significantly from its closest relative, S. elegans. The discovery was made through morphological examination of the holotype specimen, which revealed distinct genitalia structures not found in other known Spatulosia species. Molecular analysis using COI-5P sequences confirmed a 3.17% genetic divergence between S. ivindo and S. elegans, supporting its classification as a new species. The finding highlights the biodiversity of Ivendo National Park and underscores the importance of detailed morphological studies in taxonomic research.

Spatulosia lobo Volynkin, 2025, sp. n.

Forest Massif of Odzala-Kokoua — 2025 — WHE4D82823F61

A new species of moth, Spatulosia lobo, has been discovered in the Odzala-Kokoua National Park within the UNESCO-listed Forest Massif of Odzala-Kokoua. This species is distinguished by its ochreous yellow coloration and reduced forewing markings, setting it apart from sympatric and allopatric congeners like S. gemina and S. similis. Key distinguishing features include differences in male and female genitalia structures, such as the broader uncus and valvula in females, and a distally downcurved phallus with fewer carinal thorns in males. The discovery was made through light trapping at Lobo Research Camp, with type material collected between 2024 and 2025. Molecular data for this species is currently unavailable.

Spatulosia odzala Volynkin, 2025, sp. n.

Forest Massif of Odzala-Kokoua — 2025 — WHE9C3BDC4365

A new species of moth, Spatulosia odzala, has been discovered within the UNESCO World Heritage Site, Odzala-Kokoua National Park in the Republic of Congo. This species is characterized by its distinct forewing coloration and unique male genital capsule features, which set it apart from related species like S. tenebrosa, S. bispinata, and S. africana. The discovery was made through morphological analysis of type specimens collected during a field expedition in 2024. While molecular data is currently unavailable, the study highlights the biodiversity significance of Odzala-Kokoua National Park, emphasizing its role as a critical habitat for yet-to-be-studied species.

Spatulosia smithi Volynkin, 2025, sp. n.

Forest Massif of Odzala-Kokoua — 2025 — WHE674156B478

A new species of moth, Spatulosia smithi, has been discovered within the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Forest Massif of Odzala-Kokoua. This species is distinguished by its relatively large size (forewing length 8.5–9.5 mm) and deep ochreous brown forewing ground color, setting it apart from similar congeners like S. pringlei and S. clavata. Key diagnostic features include the configuration of the male genital capsule and a uniquely structured phallus with a long, heavily sclerotized ventral carina bearing a massive claw-shaped process. The discovery was made through entomological expeditions in the Republic of Congo, Uganda, and Rwanda, utilizing MV light traps to collect specimens. Molecular data for this species are currently unavailable, but its distribution spans these three countries, contributing to our understanding of biodiversity within this critical World Heritage Site.

Species associations and community structure in an oceanic elasmobranch assemblage

Cocos Island National Park — 2025 — WHEE370BF0594

A 26-year underwater visual survey of elasmobranchs at Cocos Island National Park reveals significant shifts in community structure and species associations, highlighting the dynamic nature of marine predator assemblages. The study identified a transition from a sparse, low-diversity network in the early 1990s to a more densely connected assemblage by 2014, with distinct seasonal sub-communities: migratory oceanic species during the wet season and resident coastal species in the dry season. Scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) and whitetip reef sharks (Triaenodon obesus) were key drivers of these changes. Negative associations among species suggest complex predator-prey dynamics and intraguild competition, with three distinct patterns—competition, predation, and environmental preference—explaining interspecific interactions. This research advances understanding of elasmobranch community evolution in oceanic ecosystems.

Species Diversity and Distribution of Non-fumigatus Aspergillus Species in Ogasawara Islands, Japan

Ogasawara Islands — 2025 — WHE104ED63DBC

A study on the Ogasawara Islands reveals that soil environments significantly influence the distribution of non-fumigatus Aspergillus species, including sections Flavi, Nigri, and Terrei. Researchers isolated 172 strains from 18 sites across three islands—Mukojima, Hahajima, and Chichijima—and identified seven section Flavi, five section Nigri, and three section Terrei species using calmodulin gene sequencing. Notably, Aspergillus tamarii, A. nomiae, A. niger, and A. tubingensis were dominant in forests (>60% frequency), while A. floccosus prevailed in bare land and grassland (>40%). A. pseudonomiae exhibited high occurrence across landscapes. The findings mirror previous observations for section Fumigati, suggesting environmental factors shape the dominance of these pathogenic fungi.

Species Knowledge About a UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site and the Importance of Connectedness with Nature

Wadden Sea — 2025 — WHE46D23C9525

A significant positive correlation between species knowledge and connectedness with nature was identified among visitors to the UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site, the Wadden Sea. The study, which surveyed 126 visitors at the Wadden Sea Visitor Centre, revealed that while general species knowledge was relatively low, recognition of the European Herring Gull stood out as notably high. This research underscores the importance of environmental education and connectedness with nature in fostering sustainable development and managing future ecological challenges. The findings were derived from a questionnaire survey employing statistical methods such as t-tests and correlation analyses.

Species richness and nest entrance characteristics of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) in Ujung Kulon National Park, Banten, Indonesia

Ujung Kulon National Park — 2025 — WHEAF6CBEB55C

A study conducted in Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesiareveals the species richness and nest entrance characteristics of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini). Researchers identified 163 colonies belonging to four species: Tetragonula laeviceps, Tetragonula fuscobalteata, Heterotrigona itama, and Lepidotrigona terminata. L. terminata was the most dominant (44%), while T. laeviceps followed closely at 41%. Nesting sites varied significantly, with T. laeviceps showing adaptability by using residential cavities, bamboo, tree holes, and abandoned ant nests, whereas T. fuscobalteata preferred rock holes and tree cavities. The study highlights the unique nest entrance characteristics of these species, contributing new distribution records for stingless bees in this protected area.

Spotted! Remote camera traps used in a novel design reveal a perilous situation for the Critically Endangered Northwest African cheetah ( Acinonyx jubatus hecki ) in a conflict‐affected protected area in Benin

W-Arly-Pendjari Complex — 2025 — WHEF186E5C451

A critically endangered subspecies of the Northwest African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus hecki) faces severe population threats within the W-Arly-Pendjari Complex, Benin, due to violent extremism and conflict. Using a novel dual-placement camera trap design over three biennial surveys, researchers estimated a density of 0.26 ± 0.10 individuals per 100 km² across the study area, with zero detections in adjacent hunting zones. Pendjari National Park appears to be a core habitat for this subspecies, but its population is alarmingly small, emphasizing the urgent need for conservation intervention. The study highlights the effectiveness of low-risk fieldwork methods in conflict-affected regions and underscores the necessity of targeted protection and financial support to safeguard this iconic species and its prey.

St Laurence's at Bradford-on-Avon, St Michael's at Hildesheim and the Use of Squares in their Planning

St Mary's Cathedral and St Michael's Church at Hildesheim — 2025 — WHE3FD6133A32

Two early 11th-century churches, St Laurence's at Bradford-on-Avon and St Michael's at Hildesheim, employ squares in their architectural planning but with distinct approaches. St Laurence's dimensions are uniformly tied to two key lengths, while St Michael's west transept comprises three equal squares. The study proposes a novel explanation for the nave's unequal sections, challenging prior interpretations. This analysis underscores St Michael's potential as an early Romanesque prototype, bridging geometric precision and stylistic evolution.

St Michael's Church in Hildesheim – a Magic Machine

St Mary's Cathedral and St Michael's Church at Hildesheim — 2025 — WHE957A417E71

St. Michael's Church in Hildesheim, founded by Bishop Bernward in the early 11th century, represents an extraordinary 'magic machine' designed to secure his eternal redemption through a meticulously arranged system of sacred objects and relics, including his own body post-mortem. This study reveals how Bernward's ambitious vision, though initially faltering after his death, persisted due to its inherent power, as evidenced by ongoing restorations and reconstructions. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in recent times, the church now embodies global cultural significance, transitioning from religious to broader symbolic importance. The research explores the historical context, architectural innovations, and the enduring legacy of Bernward's design, highlighting its unique blend of spiritual intent and material craftsmanship.

St-Kilda : la disparition des derniers hobbits

St Kilda — 2025 — WHEC6E525AFEE

St. Kilda, a remote archipelago off Scotland's coast, offers a unique case study in demographic resilience and cultural isolation. The research reveals that the islanders' survival for centuries with minimal external interference was sustained by a low economic dependency, shaped by their self-sufficient lifestyle and detachment from broader societal norms. However, well-intentioned interventions—such as those by the Church, Glasgow's elite, early tourists, and health services—ultimately led to the island's evacuation in 1930. The study examines the interplay of natural conditions, social organization, and external pressures that defined St. Kilda's demographic equilibrium, providing insights into how isolated societies can endure or perish under changing circumstances.

St. Francis/San Francesco

Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan Sites — 2025 — WHE90C8339BB9

The Basilica di San Francesco in Assisi, Italy, utilizes local Subasio limestone to symbolize the duality of St. Francis and Christ through its architectural design and coloration. The study reveals that the basilica's double construction—mimicking the earthly body of St. Francis and the divine body of Christ—reflects late medieval and early modern religious symbolism, particularly the stark contrast between black and white. This analysis connects the basilica’s materials, plan, and function to contemporary writings about St. Francis’ incorruptible, dazzling white corpse, exploring themes such as Francis/Christ, church/body, and earthly/divine dichotomies.

Stability study of complex caves: a case study of Yuanjue Cave in the Dazu Rock Carvings

Dazu Rock Carvings — 2025 — WHE78A8C9F877

Researchers have identified critical factors influencing the stability of Yuanjue Cave, part of the Dazu Rock Carvings. The study reveals that cavity depth triggers roof deformation and failure, while strip stone breakage is the primary controlling factor. The cave's roof exhibits a combined bending and torsion deformation mode, with the most vulnerable area located at the left front of its entrance. Current observations place the cave in an accelerated mid-term stability change stage. This analysis provides a model for assessing similarly complex caves, offering insights into their structural integrity and preservation needs.

Staff God's Shadow: Ideological Genealogies and State Formation in the Pre-Inca Andes

Tiwanaku: Spiritual and Political Centre of the Tiwanaku Culture — 2025 — WHE8E4D39B72E

The Staff God iconography played a pivotal role in the formation and consolidation of pre-Inca Andean states, serving as a unifying ideological framework that facilitated political integration, labor mobilization, and hierarchical social structures. This study traces its evolution across key archaeological cultures like Chavín, Tiwanaku, and Wari, revealing how its symbolic transformations and regional appropriations legitimized state power. By synthesizing archaeological, iconographic, and ethnohistorical evidence, researchers demonstrate the profound influence of religious ideology on political organization in ancient Andean civilizations.