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Repository of stones used in Delhi and Agra UNESCO Sites

Red Fort Complex — 2020 — WHE569531833B

A comprehensive analysis reveals that the construction of five UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Delhi and Agra relies predominantly on three Precambrian age rocks: marble, sandstone, and quartzite. These sites include Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Humayun’s Tomb, Red Fort Complex, Agra Fort, and Taj Mahal. The study identifies the geological origins of these stones, tracing them to the Aravalli Mountain Belt (AMB) and Vindhyan Ridge, which are divided into three stratigraphic units: Delhi Supergroup, Aravalli Supergroup, and Banded Gneissic Complex. The topography of Delhi is significantly influenced by Alwar Group quartzites exposed in the Delhi ridge, small hills, and plateau, alongside Quaternary alluvium. This research provides a detailed repository of stones used in these heritage sites, offering insights into their geological context and architectural significance.

Representation of “mill girls” at a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Gunma, Japan

Tomioka Silk Mill and Related Sites — 2020 — WHECF38F1F962

Touristic representations at the UNESCO World Heritage Site Tomioka Silk Mill (Japan) perpetuate gender injustices by sanitizing and fantasizing the experiences of 'mill girls,' young women exploited in the mill from 1870 to 1940. The study, using a qualitative case approach, reveals that only the prosperous period is highlighted, excluding the struggles faced by female workers. This shift from economic exploitation during operation to recognition injustice post-heritagization underscores tourism's role in perpetuating historical gender inequities.

Research and tourism affect positively the occupancy pattern of Loxodonta cyclotis (Elephantidae) in Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire

Taï National Park — 2020 — WHE1442BCEAD7

Research and ecotourism activities positively influence the occupancy patterns of Loxodonta cyclotis (forest elephants) in Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire. The study found that proximity to research or ecotourism areas increases elephant occupancy probability, while distance from the park's periphery and higher poaching pressures decrease it. Using 87 camera traps deployed for 120 days, researchers applied an occupancy model to analyze habitat variables and predict species distribution. Key findings indicate that northwestern and southwestern regions of the park have a higher likelihood (p > 0.6) of elephant occurrence. These results underscore the importance of promoting research and ecotourism alongside anti-poaching efforts for effective conservation strategies.

Research history and ancient DNA from Dr Granville’s Egyptian Mummy

Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis — 2020 — WHE2BE8AA7191

Ancient DNA analysis of Dr Granville’s Egyptian mummy, dating to around 600 BC and originating from the necropolis of Thebes, reveals that tuberculosis was likely the principal cause of death. Using nested PCR targeting the IS6110 locus and mycolic acid detection in lung tissue and femurs, researchers identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA, indicating a fatal pulmonary condition. While Dr Granville initially attributed her death to a benign ovarian cyst, modern histological examination suggests tuberculosis was the underlying factor. This study combines historical scientific records with advanced genetic techniques to shed light on ancient disease.

Research of 2006 and 2014 UNESCO Periodic Report on Goreme and Cappadocia Rock Site

Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia — 2020 — WHEE98953D1D6

UNESCO's periodic reports on Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia, analyzed in this study, reveal significant insights into the conservation status and challenges faced by this dual cultural and natural heritage site. Designated by UNESCO in 1985, the site faces pressures from tourism and environmental changes that threaten its unique geological formations and archaeological significance. The research examines the 2006 and 2014 reports to assess progress in preservation efforts, highlighting both achievements and ongoing concerns. Key findings include the site's vulnerability to erosion and the need for balanced tourism management to sustain its ecological integrity while preserving its cultural heritage.

Research of On-Site Screening and Non-Destructive Testing for Damaged Wooden Components of the Long Corridor in Temple of Heaven

Temple of Heaven: an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing — 2020 — WHE15B1420853

A study on the Long Corridor of the Temple of Heaven reveals that non-destructive testing (NDT) methods can effectively identify internal damage in wooden components without causing harm. Researchers used stress-wave and micro-drilling resistance testing to screen and analyze three typical types of wooden elements, adapting techniques based on their structural positions. The findings provide critical data for conservation efforts, offering a precise approach to assess and manage damage in historic wooden structures.

Research on Image Perception of Heritage Destination Based on Web Text Analysis : Taking Hongcun Village as an Example

Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui – Xidi and Hongcun — 2020 — WHEA799BC4980

Tourism image perception of Hongcun Village, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Anhui Province, exhibits a power function distribution with pronounced 'long tail' characteristics. Analysis of traveler reviews from major Chinese platforms reveals that tourists highly value natural scenery and historical authenticity but criticize over-commercialization, limited attractions, and poor seasonal management. The study recommends protective development strategies to preserve Hongcun's cultural integrity while enriching its tourism offerings through data-driven insights.

Research on smart navigation system based on AR technology

Kulangsu, a Historic International Settlement — 2020 — WHE86154D6868

A smart navigation system leveraging augmented reality (AR) technology has been successfully developed for Kulangsu, a historic international settlement in Xiamen. The system integrates Unity3D for Android app development and Vuforia toolkit for AR modules, combining sensor-based and natural image feature tracking to enhance tourism navigation and scenic spot guidance. By merging geographic information services with panorama technology, the system offers an innovative approach to navigating and exploring this UNESCO-recognized site. This dual-module system—comprising route navigation and scenic spots guide—demonstrates the potential of AR in preserving and showcasing cultural heritage through interactive digital experiences.

Research on traditional vernacular dwellings in the Li Canal reach of the grand canal

The Grand Canal — 2020 — WHEF45E1060C8

Traditional vernacular dwellings along the Li Canal reach of China's Grand Canal exhibit unique architectural styles shaped by the convergence of northern and southern cultural influences. These structures, spanning Huai’an to Yangzhou, reflect a blend of climatic adaptations, regional customs, and historical interactions between northern and southern China. The study systematically analyzes layout, structural design, and construction techniques, revealing how these dwellings have evolved distinct features while retaining elements from both regions. By comparing geographical nuances in Huai’an and Yangzhou, the research demonstrates that climate, tradition, and cultural exchange are foundational to these architectural adaptations.

Reserve size, dispersal and population viability in wide ranging carnivores: the case of jaguars in Emas National Park, Brazil

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2020 — WHE65E9DC5016

A jaguar population within Emas National Park, Brazil, faces significant extinction risks of 70–90% without immigration due to its small and potentially isolated size. Using camera trapping data and spatially explicit capture-recapture models, researchers estimated a density of 0.17 jaguars per 100 km², lower than previous studies, suggesting demographic vulnerability. Matrix-based population simulations revealed that even minimal immigration could drastically reduce extinction risk, highlighting the critical need for habitat corridors to ensure dispersal and connectivity outside protected areas. This finding underscores broader challenges for large carnivore conservation in small reserves.

Resident Relocation of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Site Based on Community Participation Theory

Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area — 2020 — WHEE59BDD95F5

Resident relocation in UNESCO World Heritage Sites poses significant challenges, particularly in balancing ecological protection with the interests of local communities. A study on Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area reveals that community participation theory can effectively address these issues by aligning relocation plans with resident needs. The research analyzed panel data and field interview information to assess the reasons for relocation, resettlement strategies, and outcomes, while also identifying existing problems. Recommendations were proposed to enhance relocation processes through greater community involvement, aiming to mitigate ecological disruption while supporting residents' livelihoods.

Resíduos sólidos no Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2020 — WHEB3F23495BD

A study on solid waste management in accommodation establishments near the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Brazil, reveals significant gaps in sustainability practices. Despite national policies and guidelines for sustainable tourism, the research found low awareness among guests, strong reliance on local authorities' decisions, limited cooperation, and a lack of knowledge about waste minimization techniques. The study, conducted through interviews with ten accommodation providers and a local recycling association representative in Alto Paraíso de Goiás, highlights the challenges in implementing effective waste management strategies in this UNESCO World Heritage Site context.

Response of Growth to Climate within Oaks of the World Heritage Site of Prussian Gardens

Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin — 2020 — WHE87C17FD819

Oaks within the UNESCO World Heritage Site 'Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin' exhibit site-specific drought sensitivity, with growth significantly influenced by precipitation levels from the previous year's July and September, as well as current May to July. This correlation is strongly linked to soil moisture conditions, highlighting the critical role of adequate water availability in oak xylogenesis. The study employed dendrochronological techniques, including correlation analyses, moving correlations, pointer year analyses, and superposed epoch analyses (SEA), to assess climate-growth relationships and their stability over recent decades. While declining growth trends were observed, these are attributed to the natural aging of trees rather than solely to changing climatic conditions.

Restoration of the historic libraries of Chinguetti, Mauritania

Ancient Ksour of Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichitt and Oualata — 2020 — WHEE3BE86170D

The restoration of Chinguetti’s historic libraries, located within the UNESCO-listed Ancient Ksour of Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichitt, and Oualata, demonstrates a successful approach to preserving ancient manuscripts using traditional techniques. This project, led by Terrachidia NGO with support from AECID, restored multiple libraries within the ksar—home to generations of scholarly texts—by employing local materials and labor, ensuring cultural authenticity. Unlike a failed museum proposal in 2000, this method maintained the manuscripts' historical context while safeguarding them for future study. The initiative highlights the significance of trans-Saharan trade routes in fostering manuscript culture and underscores the importance of sustainable preservation practices in protecting intangible heritage.

Restoration Techniques and Aseismic Reinforcement for Disaster Recovery of the Basilica San Francesco in Assisi, Italy

Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan Sites — 2020 — WHE4EC25B49BE

A groundbreaking seismic reinforcement approach successfully revitalized the Basilica of San Francesco in Assisi, Italy. The restoration integrated innovative technologies such as Shape Memory Alloy Devices and Shock Transmitters Units with steel belts, alongside traditional spring dampers for cross arches. These advancements were rigorously tested and validated through experimental data, offering a scalable solution for preserving historic structures against seismic disasters. The study emphasizes the importance of continuous technological innovation in disaster recovery, providing a model for future applications in other heritage buildings.

Results of Field Research on Ancient Stonework in the River Valleys of Bortala and Ili in Western Tian Shan (Xinjiang, China)

Western Tien-Shan — 2020 — WHE15BF9AC558

Research on ancient stonework in the Bortala and Ili river valleys of Western Tian Shan reveals distinct regional variations in Bronze Age construction practices, challenging homogenized architectural typologies. The study found that Bortala's structures reflect cumulative phases of use, with burials repurposed for habitation or transhumant encampments, while Ili's remains indicate sedentary agricultural patterns, diversified space use, and localized craft production. Surveys and excavations identified unique forms and layouts tied to specific functions, providing insights into subsistence patterns and social customs that differ from the Andronovo culture narrative in Xinjiang.

Rethinking Management Planning Methodologies: A Novel Approach Implemented at Petra World Heritage Site

Petra — 2020 — WHE8E3B611A89

A groundbreaking Integrated Management Plan for Petra, Jordan, demonstrates how co-creation of management decisions can overcome governance complexities and competing local interests. This novel approach combines top-down and bottom-up methodologies, leveraging participatory planning and natural environment management theories to ensure inclusive stakeholder engagement and local ownership. Unlike previous plans that failed to achieve full implementation, this locally driven yet externally facilitated process highlights the potential for collaborative decision-making in preserving UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Returning Uluru

Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park — 2020 — WHE30A0D5A26D

Uluru, a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its cultural and natural significance, underwent a significant transformation with the permanent closure of its climb in 2017. This decision, aligned with the wishes of Traditional Owners, involved removing infrastructure including 134 posts cemented into the rock and a summit cairn. The study details the conservation processes and remediation techniques used to safely remove these elements without leaving visible traces or causing damage to the rock surface. The challenge was further complicated by Uluru's remote location, extreme temperatures, and lack of facilities. Additionally, the paper discusses the broader context of Uluru's history and its recent hand-back to Traditional Owners.

Revelations of ancient head shape: Cranial modification in the Cuzco region of Peru, Early Horizon to Inca Imperial Period

City of Cuzco — 2020 — WHE566702D9F0

Analysis of cranial vault modification (CVM) in the Cuzco region of Peru reveals distinct temporal patterns that illuminate sociopolitical transformations from the Early Horizon to the Inca Imperial Period. The study found that tabular CVM dominated early samples (900 BC–AD 600), while an influx of unmodified crania during the Middle Horizon (AD 600–1000) correlated with Wari occupation. Annular CVM emerged later (AD 1000–1438), suggesting migration, possibly from Lake Titicaca. During Inca rule, modification rates were higher in rural sites than urban ones, indicating state-coerced resettlement of ethnic groups while Inca elites in Cuzco city avoided modification as a marker of identity. The research combines morphological analysis of 419 individuals from 10 sites with archaeological and ethnohistoric data to trace migration, settlement, and the impact of imperial expansion on Andean ethnic landscapes.

Review of Short-term Rentals and Their Potential Social Impact

San Antonio Missions — 2020 — WHECEB13AB77F

Short-term rentals (STRs) in historic neighborhoods, such as those along the San Antonio Missions World Heritage Buffer Zone, pose significant risks to community stability and cultural heritage if left unregulated. This study highlights that while STRs can boost tourism, they also contribute to gentrification and displacement of local residents, threatening the authenticity of these areas. The research analyzes regulated, unregulated, and grandfathered STRs in South San Antonio neighborhoods, revealing a rapid increase in STR presence post-2015 World Heritage Site inscription. Findings underscore the need for proactive growth management policies to balance tourism benefits with community preservation, ensuring that historic neighborhoods retain their original character without succumbing to economic pressures.