Paphos
—
2018 —
WHE1BF0534B89
A novel approach combining non-destructive image processing with material sampling and laboratory analyses has successfully mapped degradation patterns on the masonry walls of Paphos Harbour Castle, Cyprus, without compromising its preservation. This multi-disciplinary methodology minimized invasive techniques while providing comprehensive insights into the monument's state of preservation across all external façades. The study demonstrated that rectified images, when paired with analytical methods, can offer a semi-automatic evaluation of deterioration on larger scales, enhancing our understanding of built heritage conservation.
Pitons Management Area
—
2018 —
WHE04CE0B6330
A 2014 eruption at Piton de la Fournaise (PdF), La Réunion, revealed that shallow magma pockets can be rapidly reactivated by deep processes without significant mass or energy transfer, producing hazardous eruptions with minimal short-term precursors. The study integrated field observations, textural analyses of pyroclastic material, and geochemical monitoring to track eruption triggers and dynamics. It found that the eruption's small volume and brief duration were linked to a stratified magma storage system, where golden basaltic pumice and fluidal clasts represented hotter, less crystalline magma, while spiny scoria reflected cooler, more crystalline portions. Exponential decay in magma ascent rates indicated progressive reservoir depressurization, with syn-eruptive degassing leading to a shift from fountaining to Strombolian activity. Geochemical data confirmed the absence of new hot magma input, suggesting the 2014 eruption sourced residual magma from a previous 2009 event.
Sangiran Early Man Site
—
2018 —
WHE4FA9888D62
A study integrating the Sangiran Early Man Site Museum with project-based learning (PBL) in a science course on earth materials demonstrated that PBL effectively enhances research skills, teamwork, and group discussions among junior high school students. However, challenges were noted in independent learning, scientific approach adoption, and project report presentation. The research used mixed methods, including questionnaires and interviews, to assess student responses. Conducted with 28 seventh-grade students in Karanganyar, Central Java, the study also highlighted PBL's potential as a tool for teaching local wisdom, offering insights into educational strategies that balance engagement with skill development.
Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archeological Sites of Paestum and Velia, and the Certosa di Padula
—
2018 —
WHE4D6971BF8E
A dualistic pattern emerges in the National Park of Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni, highlighting complementary yet contrasting ecosystem services between internal and coastal areas. This study quantifies these services using a combination of GIS mapping and multi-criteria analysis, including the TOPSIS method, to assess their spatial distribution and interactions. The findings underscore the need for balanced policies that reconcile conservation with sustainable development, addressing potential conflicts while preserving natural capital essential for societal resilience.
Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra
—
2018 —
WHE96EE3335C4
A distinctive feature of baroque style in Ukrainian book culture emerged through the artistic decoration of Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra's 17th–18th century Akaphistus-books, blending verbal and graphic elements to enhance prayer perception. Frontispiece engravings, often accompanied by hymn citations or descriptive poetry in earlier editions (17th c.), directed readers' attention to the glorification of God, angels, or saints. By the 18th century, advancements in xylography improved image quality, while miniatures were replaced by engraved initials and framed pages, maintaining visual enrichment without verbal inscriptions. This interplay of text and imagery, rooted in the first Akaphistus editions (1625–1629), reflects a unique tradition that shaped Ukrainian baroque aesthetics.
Wadden Sea
—
2018 —
WHE458C95064B
Herring gulls (Larus argentatus) breeding in the eastern Wadden Sea exhibit significant intercolony variations in foraging behavior, with those on islands farther from the mainland relying more on local tidal flats for food, while those closer to the mainland venture farther, including terrestrial habitats. Gulls on distant islands primarily feed on common cockles and shore crabs near their colonies, whereas those nearer to the mainland forage extensively on neobiotic razor clams in intertidal zones and earthworms on the mainland. This shift is driven by reduced prey availability close to breeding sites, forcing gulls to adapt their foraging strategies. The study used GPS data loggers (1,115 trips from 37 individuals) and stable isotope analysis to reveal these patterns, highlighting herring gulls as indicators of intertidal ecosystem health.
Koh Ker: Archaeological Site of Ancient Lingapura or Chok Gargyar
—
2018 —
WHE90E5E26472
Research on Khmer brick temples from the 9th and 10th centuries, including UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Koh Ker, reveals that interior walls were originally adorned with decorative paintings or polychromy. A comprehensive study of 19 temples uncovered extensive evidence of ornamental and figurative wall art, particularly in Prasat Thom at Koh Ker, Preah Ko in Rolous, and Prasat Neang Khmau in Takeo Province. The investigation analyzed painting techniques and materials, while some decorative patterns were virtually reconstructed using external stucco and stone ornaments as references. This discovery challenges the perception of these temples' interiors and provides new insights into Khmer artistry during this period.
Gunung Mulu National Park
—
2018 —
WHE6E216F3AE9
A strong link between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and precipitation anomalies in north-western Borneo, including Gunung Mulu National Park, has been identified using oxygen isotopic tracers. The study reveals that ENSO modulates the frequency of synoptic-scale wet conditions—such as those driven by the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO), Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), and Borneo vortex (BV)—which in turn influence rainfall patterns over the region. By analyzing a 7-year isotopic dataset from two sites, researchers found significant correlations between seasonal isotopic anomalies and the Southern Oscillation index, as well as between isotopic signals and area-averaged rainfall anomalies (R = −0.65, p < 0.01). This suggests that ENSO-driven changes in atmospheric circulation patterns directly affect precipitation dynamics in Sarawak.
Ancient City of Qalhat
—
2018 —
WHE18ECD7574B
Archaeological excavations at the Islamic city of Qalhat, a significant but historically underdocumented port city from the 13th to 17th century, reveal its sophisticated urban organization and international trade networks. Unlike historical records—limited to brief mentions by travelers—archaeology provides a comprehensive narrative, uncovering architectural details, fortified systems, and occupational phases that were previously unknown. This case study demonstrates how collaboration between archaeologists and historians can reconstruct lost histories, particularly in the absence of written sources. The findings challenge traditional narratives by presenting Qalhat as a thriving, well-structured city with advanced urban planning, offering new insights into its role in maritime trade and regional significance.
Samarkand – Crossroad of Cultures
—
2018 —
WHEB3F7BA4932
A groundbreaking analysis reveals that the intricate Square Kufic inscriptions adorning Timurid architecture, particularly in Samarkand’s Bibi Khanum mosque, can be systematically understood as collections of adjacent and overlapping squares. Among these, the 'Double Square' scheme—where two squares intersect along their diagonal axes—emerges as a novel geometric pattern unique to Timurid designs. This study presents these patterns as an integrated system, demonstrating how they harmonize calligraphy and geometry, offering a rare insight into the fusion of artistic and mathematical principles in Persianate architectural arts.
Wadden Sea
—
2018 —
WHE4FF61E059E
A study on the Wadden Sea revealed significant seasonal increases in total alkalinity (TA) of 100–150 μmol kg−1, equivalent to a production rate of 11.7–26.8 mmol m−2 d−1 during spring and summer. This change was not attributed to riverine contributions but likely linked to seasonal organic matter production and processing in coastal and nearshore regions. The research used high-frequency (10 min) TA measurements along a ship's route, combining a FerryBox with a flow-through setup, to demonstrate dynamic carbon fluxes between the Wadden Sea and North Sea. The findings suggest that bottom sediments and tidally coupled biogeochemical processes mediate this alkalinity change, with a ~4-month lag possibly explained by labile organic matter supply and temperature-dependent remineralization via aerobic and anaerobic pathways.
Pre-Hispanic City and National Park of Palenque
—
2018 —
WHEF52589AD5D
A groundbreaking integration of intra-site and inter-site digital documentation technologies reveals unprecedented potential for preserving and interpreting Mesoamerican heritage, particularly at Palenque. This study demonstrates that combining Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), image-based modeling, terrestrial laser scanning, and drone-based airborne LiDAR—supplemented by ground truthing and conservation interventions—can effectively monitor, document, and safeguard archaeological sites threatened by climate change, political instability, and looting. Unlike conventional inter-site approaches reliant on costly commercial LiDAR, this multimodal 3-D survey workflow offers a scalable, cost-effective solution for regions with limited research funding but rich cultural heritage, such as Mexico's Chiapas state. The findings underscore the transformative role of digital technologies in built heritage conservation, bridging gaps between physical preservation and interpretive analysis.
Göbekli Tepe
—
2018 —
WHE0AB3530F36
Göbekli Tepe, a prehistoric site in southeastern Turkey, challenges the conventional narrative of human development by suggesting that complex social and psychological changes—such as religion, storytelling, and proto-writing—preceded rather than followed the Neolithic Revolution. Unlike traditional models that posit agriculture and permanent settlements as prerequisites for societal advancements, evidence from Göbekli Tepe indicates that these developments may have been driven by cognitive and social shifts. The site's intricate carvings and structures hint at early forms of narrative expression, offering a new lens through which to understand the origins of human civilization. This study bridges archaeology and psychology, highlighting how storytelling and symbolic behavior could have catalyzed the transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled communities.
Durham Castle and Cathedral
—
2018 —
WHE4C9718DA3C
Durham Castle and Cathedral, as part of the medieval bishops' houses in England and Wales, offer significant insights into ecclesiastical architecture and governance. The study highlights that about half of English bishoprics were monasteries, with notable examples including Benedictine cathedrals at Durham, Canterbury, Rochester, Winchester, Worcester, Norwich, and Ely, alongside Augustinian ones like Carlisle. These sites are crucial for understanding the physical remains due to their rich historical documentation, which includes chronicles from monastic cathedrals and crown sources. Chronicles, particularly from the twelfth century, provide invaluable information about castle builders and bishops' roles in government, underscoring the importance of these sources in reconstructing the past.
The English Lake District
—
2018 —
WHE920A005B54
A new area of extensive sika deer introgression into red deer populations has been identified in South Kintyre, Scotland. This finding challenges previous assumptions about limited hybridization between exotic Japanese sika (Cervus nippon) and North American wapiti (C. canadensis) with native red deer (C. elaphus). The study used 22 microsatellite loci and a diagnostic mitochondrial marker to analyze 2,943 deer samples from Scotland and the English Lake District, revealing scattered evidence of past hybridization and backcrossing in Northern Scotland, including individuals with mixed ancestry. While sika alleles were detected in South Kintyre and traces in the Lake District, no introgression was found in Central Highlands or Hebridean red deer refugia. The research suggests that while assortative mating persists, further spread of sika alleles into red deer populations remains a concern.
Old City of Sana'a
—
2018 —
WHE7AE1B5535F
Traditional urban layouts, exemplified by the Old City of Sana'a, demonstrate superior sustainability compared to modern designs. A study applying principles of form and density, walkability and connectivity, and building energy found that traditional cities excel in compactness, intersection rates, and solar access. Using GIS, ECOTECT, and Space Syntax modeling, researchers confirmed that older urban forms provide higher integration, fewer angular changes, and optimal solar exposure year-round. These findings underscore the potential of historical urban planning as a model for sustainable development.
Taj Mahal
—
2018 —
WHE674F209C54
A comprehensive analysis of the Taj Mahal's foundation reveals that its construction relies on a robust system of stone blocks, bricks, arches, piers, and watertight mortar, supplemented by local materials. This study highlights the monument's susceptibility to damage from environmental changes such as altered river flow patterns, water pollution, and nearby constructions over its 360-year history. The research underscores the urgent need for conservation measures to prevent structural instability above the foundation. By synthesizing existing literature, the study provides critical insights into historical construction materials and techniques, which are essential for future preservation efforts.
Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia
—
2018 —
WHEFACFFD6CD8
A groundbreaking analysis of pigments in the Etruscan Banditaccia Necropolis, including the renowned Tomb of the Reliefs, reveals the use of haematite, goethite, calcite, carbon black, manganese oxide, Tyrian purple, and Egyptian blue—with the latter three exclusively found under the central burial area. The study employed advanced techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Raman spectroscopy to overcome challenges posed by the heterogeneous tuff stone, which complicated pigment identification due to varying signals of calcium, manganese, and iron. While lightweight instruments limited some findings, they still provided valuable insights into Etruscan pigment practices.
Monastery of Horezu
—
2018 —
WHE17BB6857F5
Romania's inclusion of diverse heritage sites, including the Monastery of Horezu, on UNESCO's World Heritage List underscores its cultural and historical significance. With 8 wooden churches, 7 fortified churches, 6 Dacian fortresses, 8 churches with exterior mural painting from Moldova, a medieval city (Sighișoara), an orthodox monastery (Horezu) from Oltenia, and the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, Romania stands out among regional powers. These sites are celebrated not only for their monumentality and expressiveness but also for their quality, maintenance, active conservation, and risk prevention measures. The study highlights Romania's strategic placement in global heritage recognition, emphasizing the balance between preservation efforts and safeguarding against major risks.
Historic Cairo
—
2018 —
WHE621C7D714B
Badr al-Din Hai Weiliang, a Chinese Muslim scholar, challenged conventional narratives of early 20th-century Chinese Islam by embodying the tensions between national and transnational Islamic identities. His life—spanning studies in India’s Nadwat al-‘Ulama and Egypt’s al-Azhar, fluency in five languages, and diplomatic work for the Guomindang—demonstrated the interconnectedness of Islamic scholarship and politics across Asia and Africa. Through his writings, including <em>Relations between the Arabs and China</em>, Hai shifted from doctrinal Salafi influences to a cultural-historical approach to Islamic unity, reflecting broader geopolitical disillusionment. The study contrasts his Arabic and Chinese works, revealing how transnational Islamic thought evolved amid national fragmentation, offering a nuanced framework for understanding global Islamic history.
Aldabra Atoll
—
2018 —
WHEE335485DEE
A conceptual framework for tortoise rewilding in the face of climate change is proposed, highlighting its potential as a leading example of island rewilding. The study focuses on three key ecological functions—herbivory, seed dispersal, and nutrient cycling—mediated by giant tortoises, particularly the Aldabra giant tortoise (<em>Aldabrachelys gigantea</em>). It explores how climate change may impact these functions and suggests mitigation strategies, such as artificial shade sites and water holes, to sustain ecosystem services on a landscape scale. The framework is illustrated using examples from both wild and rewilded populations in the Western Indian Ocean, offering practical guidance for future conservation efforts.
Rabat, Modern Capital and Historic City: a Shared Heritage
—
2018 —
WHEB653645F5E
A significant potential for producing novel bioactive compounds was identified among actinomycetes isolated from unexplored soil samples in the southeast of Rabat, Morocco. All 29 strains demonstrated the ability to produce at least one non-diffusible pigment, with a majority (86.20%) also synthesizing diffusible pigments, including melanoid types in 20.69% of isolates. Notably, 17.24% exhibited antibacterial activity, suggesting diverse secondary metabolite production capabilities. This study highlights the untapped potential of Rabat's actinomycete populations for discovering bioactive compounds, offering promising avenues for further exploration in pharmaceutical research.
Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves
—
2018 —
WHE545BA41BBF
A study on the Brazilian Atlantic Islands revealed that cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) may serve as reservoirs for Salmonella, posing risks to public health and biological diversity. Researchers isolated four serovars of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica—S. Typhimurium, S. Newport, S. Duisburg, and S. Zega—from cloacal swabs collected from 456 clinically healthy cattle egrets in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Additionally, one sample was identified as S. enterica O16:y:-. The findings suggest that these birds could transmit pathogens to humans, livestock, and native wildlife, highlighting the need for further monitoring and mitigation strategies.
Lut Desert
—
2018 —
WHEF3D91C8D7D
Researchers isolated two radiation-resistant and desiccation-tolerant bacteria, Modestobacter sp. A2 and Maritalea sp. B9, from the Lut Desert's Gandom Beryan Hill, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Iran. These nonendospore-forming isolates survived 8 weeks under extreme dehydration conditions and exhibited moderate resistance to gamma radiation (D10 value: 2–4 kGy). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed their affiliation with <em>Modestobacter muralis</em> (99.7% similarity) and <em>Maritalea mobilis</em> (97.3% similarity), marking the first report of radiation-resistant bacteria in the genus <em>Maritalea</em>. The study employed culture-dependent methods, exposing soil and sand samples to controlled dehydration before assessing survival and resistance. This discovery sheds light on microbial diversity in arid ecosystems, with potential implications for extremophile research.
Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls
—
2018 —
WHE7EB86D76CD
Following the 1948 war, Jerusalem was divided between Israel and Jordan, with East Jerusalem, including the Old City, under Jordanian control. This division left Jewish Jerusalem yearning for the Old City and Western Wall, while Palestinians in Jordanian Jerusalem felt their city was incomplete without the lost neighborhoods in West Jerusalem. The 1967 war dramatically altered the city's landscape under Israel's occupation of East Jerusalem and the West Bank, leading to significant changes that reshaped the city's geopolitical and cultural dynamics.
Hebron/Al-Khalil Old Town
—
2018 —
WHE748F4F42DE
Israeli settlements in Hebron's Old City have severely disrupted its historical and architectural integrity since 1967. The study reveals that systematic land confiscation, forced closures, and military restrictions have transformed the area into a 'ghost town,' with most streets deserted and shops shuttered. These actions, aimed at Judaizing Palestinian areas, have led to mass deportations and economic collapse, while shifting commercial activity to areas beyond checkpoints. The research underscores the urgent need for preservation efforts that address both architectural heritage and the political pressures hindering rehabilitation.
Srebarna Nature Reserve
—
2018 —
WHE5EAA3A9AA6
A study on the Srebarna Nature Reserve, a wetland of significant conservation value, reveals that aquatic bugs, particularly Corixidae (water boatmen), exhibit peak dispersal activity during the first hour after sunset. The research, conducted over 11 nights using UV light traps, collected 4589 individuals, including 13 species not previously recorded in the reserve. This finding sheds light on the dispersal behavior of these insects, with female dominance observed in the most abundant species. Environmental factors such as air temperature, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed were found to influence the dispersal activity of Sigara striata, a common species. The study provides critical data for future research on the phenology and fauna of aquatic bugs in this unique ecosystem.
Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region
—
2018 —
WHE0E5AD58E28
Italian excavations at the Palace of Natakamani in Napata, Sudan, revealed significant historical insights about the Meroitic region. The study reconstructed the site's history before the palace's foundation, integrating it into the broader ceremonial architecture of the ancient Napatan center. This was achieved through a series of data analyses that provided a deeper understanding of the area's development and its role in the cultural landscape of the time.
Maya Site of Copan
—
2018 —
WHE85F156B3FC
A new analysis of stable isotope data from the Maya site of Copán, Honduras (A.D. 426–822), reveals that jaguars and pumas were systematically managed through captivity and trade for ritual purposes. Two distinct dietary regimes—one enriched with C4 plant inputs indicative of artificial feeding, the other dominated by natural C3 signatures—were identified among felid remains from public and private rituals, including those in Altar Q and Motmot caches. This pattern, combined with species-specific oxygen isotope variations, suggests an extensive faunal trade network operating across the Copán Valley. The findings demonstrate that wild animals were intentionally brought into human settlements to be processed into secondary goods or used ritually, providing direct evidence for the Maya's sophisticated animal management practices during the Classic period.
Monticello and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville
—
2018 —
WHECF46E25FBD
Jefferson's Body: A Corporeal Biography by Maurizio Valsania explores Thomas Jefferson's role as a central figure in shaping America's civic culture through his engagement with the body politic. The study examines Jefferson's interest in various bodies—male, female, laboring, and racialized—and how these influenced his vision of democracy, equality, and natural rights. It highlights Jefferson's use of pantaloons as an anti-aristocratic symbol, reflecting his commitment to bourgeois modernity and self-governing masculinity. However, the analysis is criticized for not fully developing its arguments on fashion, labor dynamics, and the tension between enlightenment thought and racism in Jefferson's philosophy. The book also touches on Jefferson's ambivalence toward slavery, suggesting a shift from fear of its corrupting influence to a disciplined regime inspired by Jeremy Bentham's panopticon. While the study offers intriguing insights, it is noted for its undertheorized approach and missed opportunities to integrate broader transatlantic political philosophies.
Ancient Jericho/Tell es-Sultan
—
2018 —
WHEF69C4B6403
A re-assessment of radiometric dating at Ancient Jericho challenges the previously proposed two-century shift in the Early Bronze Age chronology of Palestine. This study, conducted by a joint expedition from Sapienza University of Rome and Palestinian MOTA-DACH (1997–2018), reanalyzed published carbon-14 dates alongside new samples from carefully stratified contexts at Tell es-Sultan/Jericho. The findings suggest a more cautious approach to the 'High Chronology,' advocating for a multi-based chronology that aligns better with historical reconstructions of the Early Bronze Age in Syria-Palestine and Egypt. This work addresses gaps in prior revisions, which relied on incomplete sequences from other sites like Tel Yarmouth and Megiddo.
Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls
—
2018 —
WHEA65BA69AD1
A salvage excavation in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem's Old City uncovered layers of history spanning from the Second Temple period to the Ottoman era. The study, conducted by K. Raphael and colleagues, revealed a quarry dating back to the Second Temple period and remnants of a Medieval building, which served as the foundation for an Ottoman-period structure still in use today. Numismatic analysis by R. Kool and faunal studies by R. Bouchnick provided additional insights into the site's historical significance. This excavation, directed by Raphael, offers a rare glimpse into Jerusalem's complex architectural and cultural evolution over centuries.
Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls
—
2018 —
WHEC084603852
A salvage excavation in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem's Old City uncovered significant remnants from two distinct historical periods: a Second Temple period quarry and a Medieval building. The quarry, dating back to the time of the Second Temple, provides valuable insights into ancient construction practices. Meanwhile, the Medieval structure, which later supported an Ottoman-period building still in use today, offers a glimpse into Jerusalem's layered history. Conducted by K. Raphael for the Israel Antiquities Authority, the excavation involved numismatic analysis by R. Kool and faunal studies by R. Bouchnick. This research sheds light on the architectural evolution of one of the world's most historically rich urban landscapes.
Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls
—
2018 —
WHE9A567D0DED
A salvage excavation in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem's Old City revealed a sequence of structures spanning from the Second Temple period to the Ottoman era, with the latter building still in use. Among the findings were coins that provided numismatic insights into the region's history. Conducted by the Israel Antiquities Authority and directed by K. Raphael, the excavation uncovered a quarry, a Medieval building, and an Ottoman-period structure built upon its ruins. R. Kool identified the coins, contributing to the understanding of Jerusalem's economic and cultural evolution over centuries.
Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls
—
2018 —
WHE20CA8D4AE7
A salvage excavation at 7 Shone Halakhot Street in the Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem's Old City revealed significant layers spanning the Second Temple period, Medieval times, and the Ottoman era. The study identified a quarry from the Second Temple period and walls that served as the foundation for an Ottoman-period building still in use today. Faunal remains were analyzed to reconstruct dietary practices and environmental conditions across these historical periods. The research, conducted by R. Bouchnick, provides insights into the region's faunal composition and human-animal interactions over a span of two millennia.
Aksum
—
2018 —
WHEF7CA17160F
A new proposal challenges the notion of significant Jewish influence on Ethiopian Christianity, instead attributing observed linguistic and cultural elements to commercial and cultural interactions with Syro-Palestinian Judaism. The study reexamines Aksumite archaeological, epigraphic, literary, and linguistic evidence, finding no proof of organized Jewish communities in Aksum but confirming well-established Judean communities in Ḥimyar since the 2nd century CE. It suggests that the adoption of Jewish practices by Ḥimyarite elites, combined with political shifts following the defeat of the Jewish king Yūsuf ʾAsʾar Yathʾar by Aksumite King Kaleb in 525, led to a more conciliatory form of Christianity emphasizing Israelite heritage. This shift contributed to the long-term establishment of a Judaizing kind of Christianity in Ethiopia.
Complex of Koguryo Tombs
—
2018 —
WHE94176B95A0
Koguryo tomb murals reveal a shift from traditional grave guardians (jinmyoja) to cosmic and divine protectors, reflecting distinct cultural beliefs about the afterlife. Unlike Chinese practices where jinmyoja were consistently depicted or included as grave goods, Koguryo art favored cosmic figures like universe guardians (uijiksa) and divine messengers (sashin), suggesting a lesser emphasis on physical or spiritual remnants (pyeok/yeukchehon) lingering in tombs. This study analyzes these visual trends, showing how Koguryo culture prioritized the afterlife space over the tomb itself, with murals serving as protective symbols for the deceased's new existence—whether celestial or pure land-inspired.
Joggins Fossil Cliffs
—
2018 —
WHEFFED25C775
The first Joggins Research Symposium, held in 2018 to celebrate the 10th anniversary of Joggins Fossil Cliffs' UNESCO World Heritage Site designation, brought together researchers from diverse fields such as ichnology, sedimentology, education, and vertebrate research. The symposium featured 12 abstracts and over 25 participants, including academics, government scientists, and museum representatives, fostering collaboration and discussion. A key highlight was a field trip to the cliffs, providing inspiration for ongoing studies. The event underscored the significance of Joggins Fossil Cliffs as a vital site for scientific research and education, supported by institutions like the Atlantic Geoscience Society.
Botanical Garden (Orto Botanico), Padua
—
2018 —
WHECB1868B7B2
Historical research reveals that the name Opuntia for prickly pear cactus was first used in print by Pietro Andrea Mattioli in 1554, though its earliest documented appearance traces back to 1549 in Johannes Kentmann's illustrated manuscript (Codex Kentmanus). Attribution of this naming is credited to Luigi Anguillara, then curator of Padua's Botanical Garden. Two surviving manuscripts by Kentmann—Codex Kentmanus and Kreutterbuch from 1563—offer insights into the introduction of succulent plants in Europe during the 16th century. The study also highlights Conrad Gessner's copies of these illustrations, providing a visual record of botanical knowledge exchange between scholars.
Prambanan Temple Compounds
—
2018 —
WHEEFAEF675DC
A more natural interaction method, walk-in-place (WIP), minimizes cybersickness while navigating large virtual environments, despite being slower and less accurate. This finding is significant for enhancing user experience in VR applications like the Prambanan Temple Compounds VR app, which aims to manage visitor numbers by providing an immersive, realistic exploration of this UNESCO World Heritage Site. The study compared three navigation techniques—gamepad, head-tilt, and WIP—and found that while gamepad and head-tilt offered faster and more precise navigation, WIP provided the most immersive experience with minimal motion sickness. This insight is crucial for designing VR applications that balance realism, performance, and user comfort.
Pre-Hispanic City of Chichen-Itza
—
2018 —
WHEB3A77193AE
Researchers have uncovered evidence of a potential karst cavity beneath the Pyramid of El Castillo at Chichen Itza, Mexico, using non-invasive 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT-3D). This low-resistivity anomaly, likely filled with sweet water, was detected without disturbing the pyramid's structure or historical context. The study demonstrates that specialized ERT arrays can effectively investigate subsoil conditions beneath archaeological buildings, offering insights into their religious significance. Additionally, the method was validated at El Osario pyramid, where a natural cavity had previously been discovered, further confirming its reliability for non-invasive subsoil analysis in World Heritage Sites.
Persepolis
—
2018 —
WHED84805C87C
Karstic spring wetlands in the Persepolis Basin, southwest Iran, serve as unique sediment archives that record Holocene environmental changes and human impacts. These wetlands, characterized by their anastomosing structure and formation under specific geological conditions—such as karstic limestone aquifers, gentle slopes, and semiarid climate fluctuations—offer valuable insights into past environmental dynamics. The study highlights the significance of these ecosystems in collision-related basin-and-range settings dominated by karstic limestones. Additionally, the wetlands have played a crucial role in attracting human settlements, with archaeological materials embedded in their stratigraphy providing evidence of successive civilizations from the Elamites to early Islamic entities. However, many of these ecosystems have been lost due to recent intensive human activities.
Luis Barragán House and Studio
—
2018 —
WHE9056D8147D
Kathryn E. O'Rourke's study reveals that Mexican modernism's intellectual roots trace back to colonial architectural history, shaping the nation's built environment from 1900 to 1953. The research identifies a paradigm shift in architecture, where federal-sponsored projects fused international modernism with indigenous elements, culminating in University City—a landmark embracing ahistoricist modernism. O'Rourke argues that architects like Luis Barragán, despite rejecting nationalistic styles, subtly 'Mexicanized' modernism through vernacular techniques and folk art influences. The study employs archival analysis of primary texts (e.g., Baxter's <em>Spanish-Colonial Architecture in Mexico</em>) and secondary sources, complemented by photographic documentation, to trace the evolution of architectural representation in post-revolutionary Mexico.
Sangiran Early Man Site
—
2018 —
WHEB6A313352A
Effective interregional collaboration exists in developing tourism at the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Sangiran, driven by shared vision and economic benefits. The study found strong coordination among stakeholders, including local governments, with clear roles for administrators and sustained communication. While leadership support and policy alignment from central government facilitate cooperation, financial constraints remain a key barrier. Recommendations include enhancing the role of local governments as dynamic facilitators and leveraging cultural potential to boost tourism engagement.
Khami Ruins National Monument
—
2018 —
WHE1DF75A3B9A
The management of heritage sites, such as the Khami World Heritage Site in Zimbabwe, is profoundly influenced by national narratives and cultural contexts. This study reveals that a site's significance in the national narrative, shaped by factors like culture, identity, and rights, determines its conservation approach. The research analyzes how local and national memory, alongside criteria for identification and management, impact heritage policies. It argues that the historical celebration of a nation and the context of a heritage place are pivotal in shaping its management strategies. By examining Khami's cultural landscape, the study provides insights into broader trends affecting World Heritage Site conservation.
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
—
2018 —
WHED27B589677
A surge of Mount Kilauea eruptions (May to August 2018) underscores the volcanic origin and formation of the Hawaiian Archipelago, revealing a dynamic process driven by a stationary hotspot beneath the Pacific seafloor. The study highlights how this hotspot, originating from deep within Earth's mantle, creates a line of volcanic islands as the Pacific plate moves northwestward. Beyond Hawaii, submerged seamounts like the Emperor Seamount chain and similar structures in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans demonstrate that this phenomenon is not unique to Hawaii but reflects global tectonic activity over millions of years. The research synthesizes geological evidence from multiple oceanic chains, illustrating the long-term interaction between mantle plumes and plate movements.
Bursa and Cumalıkızık: the Birth of the Ottoman Empire
—
2018 —
WHE6040D7EA48
Rural tourism, a growing segment within the tourism industry, is increasingly supported for its potential to drive regional development. This study reveals that business owners in Cumalıkızık, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Bursa, Turkey, hold predominantly positive attitudes toward rural tourism. However, it also highlights significant discrepancies between local businesses and municipal authorities, particularly regarding restoration efforts. The research suggests that while businesses focus on tourist numbers, there is an urgent need for education to prioritize the preservation of local heritage. Conducted through qualitative interviews with 18 business owners, this study aims to understand their perspectives on rural tourism and provides actionable recommendations to address these challenges.
The Flow Country
—
2018 —
WHEBD13DBC7D0
A high-altitude peatland at Knockfin Heights in Scotland's Flow Country exhibits significant erosion, with 10.5% of the area covered by bare peat and a notable increase in pool fullness from 30-60% (1946–2005) to 75% in 2016. This suggests potential spontaneous recovery, challenging the necessity for active restoration management. The study used ground surveys (2005) and aerial photographs (1946–2016) to measure bare peat extent and pool fullness, respectively. While erosion causes remain uncertain—ranging from human activity to natural processes—the findings imply that some eroded peatlands may recover without intervention. Further research is recommended to clarify erosion trajectories and causes over the next decade.
Komodo National Park
—
2018 —
WHE61767C2E16
A study at Komodo National Park revealed that crab-eating macaques constitute 20.7% of the diet of Komodo dragons on Rinca Island, a significantly higher proportion than previously reported. This finding suggests increased predation pressure on macaques, particularly due to their heightened use of the forest floor—likely influenced by ecotourism—which may reduce access to preferred prey species during daylight hours. Researchers analyzed osteological remains and other dietary traces from 2013 while assessing macaque behavior through focal sampling to quantify habitat use. The results highlight a critical interaction between tourism, prey availability, and predator-prey dynamics in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.
City of Safranbolu
—
2018 —
WHE39ACB11424
Cultural tourism in Safranbolu, Turkey, significantly boosts local economy and heritage preservation but also drives up living costs. A 2018 study involving 424 senior students from Karabük University revealed that while cultural tourism creates new business opportunities, generates additional income, and promotes cultural exchange, it concurrently increases land and housing prices, contributing to affordability challenges. Participants identified key obstacles including inadequate advertising, poor infrastructure, transportation difficulties, and insufficient tourism education. To enhance cultural tourism supply, the study recommends intensified and diversified promotional efforts, improved transportation and accommodation conditions, and greater awareness among locals about tourism activities.
