Bikini Atoll Nuclear Test Site
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2018 —
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Japanese scientists, following the 1954 thermonuclear test at Bikini Atoll, conducted low-dose radiation experiments to study its effects on life. Their work challenged the linear no-threshold (LNT) model of radiation damage, proposing an alternative approach that considered biological repair mechanisms. By analyzing data from the genetics magazine <em>Iden</em>, researchers found that Japanese studies during this period accommodated a nuanced understanding of radiation effects, which differed from international norms. This research highlights the tension between event-driven science and experimental rigor, a problem that persists today in discussions about nuclear disasters like Fukushima. The findings underscore the importance of local environmental contexts in shaping scientific knowledge.
Ningaloo Coast
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2018 —
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A significant discovery in understanding the Ningaloo Niño phenomenon reveals that northerly wind anomalies off Western Australia play a pivotal role in generating warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. These winds reduce turbulent heat loss, enhance the Leeuwin Current's heat transport, and weaken coastal upwelling, contributing to SST warming. Additionally, these wind anomalies suppress cold dry air transport from the Southern Ocean, further reducing heat loss. A positive cloud–radiation feedback also amplifies SST warming by increasing downward solar radiation. The study, using ocean and atmospheric general circulation model experiments, found that approximately 40% of Ningaloo Niño events between 1950 and 2010 coincided with La Niña, while 30% occurred with a positive Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). Notably, around 30% of these events were independent of both La Niña and IOD, highlighting the complexity and multifaceted nature of the phenomenon.
Aksum
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2018 —
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A unique clinical learning environment in rural Ethiopia, characterized by limited specialist supervision and high patient need, provides early practical experience for medical students that enhances skill acquisition. This study analyzed the experiences of 74 clinical medical students following the New Innovative Medical Curriculum (NIMC) at Aksum School of Medicine, using qualitative interviews, direct observations, and questionnaires. While the curriculum's structured approach often clashed with real-world clinical demands, students valued early responsibility and found skills sessions particularly beneficial. The research highlights the importance of specialist supervision in such challenging settings, offering insights into medical education in resource-constrained environments.
Khami Ruins National Monument
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2018 —
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A critical analysis of the Khami World Heritage Site, Zimbabwe, reveals how colonial heritage management and national narratives shape cultural landscapes, often at the expense of local community interests. The study exposes epistemic violence embedded in conservation practices, highlighting a disjuncture between official memory and lived experiences. Using archival research, traditional narratives, and firsthand archaeological experience, it constructs a biography for Khami, contrasting its fading historical significance with Great Zimbabwe's central role in national identity. This case study offers insights into heritage, identity, and landscape from an African perspective, challenging conventional approaches to cultural preservation.
Independence Hall
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2018 —
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Postwar urban redevelopment in Philadelphia, particularly around Independence Hall and Society Hill, was driven by 'memory politics'—a strategic use of historical narratives to foster economic growth, tourism, and civic identity. This study reveals how powerful actors leveraged Cold War-era nostalgia and American heritage imagery to justify urban renewal projects, reshaping the city's landscape while reinforcing a selective historical memory. By analyzing the sociopolitical dynamics of these redevelopment efforts (1948–1964), researchers demonstrate how heritage becomes a tool for growth coalitions to navigate demographic shifts and economic challenges.
Historic Centre of Lima
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2018 —
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A new architectural approach to market halls is proposed, transforming them from static commercial spaces into dynamic gastronomic and cultural hubs that enrich urban centers. By leveraging Lima's gastronomic boom, the study introduces a redesigned market concept that integrates educational activities, fosters community development, and adapts to modern societal needs. This innovative perspective goes beyond traditional market functions, offering a multifaceted experience that aligns with contemporary urban requirements while preserving historical significance.
Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea
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2018 —
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This study reveals how the heritagization process of Rio de Janeiro as a UNESCO World Heritage Site serves as a critical moment to interrogate the interplay between past, present, and future, particularly in relation to the city's rapid urban transformations during mega-events. By analyzing four key moments within this process, the research deciphers the temporal horizons of various actors involved, highlighting the negotiation of divergent historicity schemes and their entanglement with the timescales of urban transformation and sustainable development. The findings underscore the complex interplay between different presents at work in shaping Rio's urban landscape, offering insights into how heritage narratives are constructed and contested in dynamic urban contexts.
Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata
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2018 —
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A groundbreaking analysis of metal vessels from Pompeii, preserved in the archaeological deposit of the Soprintendenza Archeologica di Pompei, reveals the unexpected use of brass (copper-zinc alloy) alongside traditional tin bronzes in ancient Campanian craftsmanship. Contrary to prior assumptions, brass was employed in local vessel production, challenging established narratives about its introduction during Roman imperial coinage reforms. The study utilized macro-scale examinations, material sampling, and advanced analytical techniques—including lead isotope analysis and metallographic investigations—to elucidate the compositional variations and manufacturing processes of 1,678 copper-based vessels and fragments. Findings indicate that while bronze compositions were consistent for vessel bodies, decorative elements like handles often contained variable lead levels, suggesting standardized yet empirically refined craftsmanship practices widespread across the ancient world. This research underscores the sophistication of pre-Roman metallurgical knowledge and provides insights into the provenance and production techniques of Campanian metalwork.
Susa
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2018 —
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A groundbreaking analysis of glass artifacts from the Parthian period at Shaur, Susa, reveals that Micro-PIXE (Particle-Induced X-ray Emission) is an exceptionally powerful technique for determining the raw materials used in their production. This method allows for precise elemental mapping and quantification, providing critical insights into ancient glassmaking practices. The study highlights significant variations in the composition of these artifacts, suggesting diverse sourcing strategies or technical innovations during this period. By applying Micro-PIXE, researchers were able to identify specific chemical signatures that trace back to raw material origins, offering a deeper understanding of trade networks and craftsmanship in Parthian-era glass production.
Kutná Hora: Historical Town Centre with the Church of St Barbara and the Cathedral of Our Lady at Sedlec
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2018 —
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Long-term monitoring reveals that public access significantly alters the microclimate of Sedlec Cathedral's former treasury. The study demonstrates that visitor presence introduces measurable changes to temperature and humidity, posing risks to preserved artifacts like the ancient Gothic Sedlec monstrance. Researchers analyzed climate conditions before and after the treasury opened to visitors, identifying patterns that can guide future conservation strategies to safeguard these historical treasures while balancing public access.
Studenica Monastery
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2018 —
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A detailed analysis of medieval ceramics from the Studenica Monastery reveals that most vessels were locally produced using raw materials consistent with the geology of the surrounding area. The study, employing optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray powder diffraction, identified four potential imports linked to Byzantine sgraffito wares and ceramics from the Peloponnese (13th century). The findings indicate a standardized pottery production process, with cooking wares fired at 600–700°C and glazed tablewares and cooking pots fired at minimum 800–900°C. This suggests a blend of traditional skills and Byzantine artistic influences within the pottery craft circle.
Kondoa Rock-Art Sites
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2018 —
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Kisese II rockshelter, part of the UNESCO World Heritage Kondoa Rock-Art Sites in Tanzania, reveals that behavioral innovations associated with modern humans emerged gradually between 46,000 and 34,300 years ago. This study provides one of the most robust chronological sequences for East Africa using 29 radiocarbon dates on ostrich eggshell beads, showing that backed microliths and red ochre use became widespread during this period. The transition from Middle Stone Age (MSA) to Later Stone Age (LSA) lithic technologies began around 39,000 years ago, with LSA technologies fully established by the Last Glacial Maximum. These findings challenge the notion of a rapid, uniform shift in human behavior, instead highlighting regional variability and time-transgressive changes.
Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis
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2018 —
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Archaeological work at the North Asasif Necropolis in West Thebes revealed significant insights into Middle Kingdom tomb construction and funerary practices. The 2015/2016 season focused on six rock-cut tombs, where researchers cleared corridors and chambers, documented architecture, and conducted restoration efforts. Notably, stonemason’s tools from the Middle Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period cartonnages were uncovered, providing rare evidence of craftsmanship techniques and funerary traditions. A surface survey of the slope further expanded understanding of the necropolis's layout. These findings contribute to a broader reconstruction of Theban burial practices and architectural evolution during this pivotal period.
Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of Chios
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2018 —
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A groundbreaking analysis reveals that Byzantine ekphrases, traditionally overlooked in art history, hold significant potential for understanding the development of iconographic and compositional programmes. The study demonstrates that Byzantine artists, particularly after the Iconoclastic Controversy (726-843), were capable of freely shaping their pictorial formulae to visually represent dogmatic content, often defying canonical norms. This is exemplified by reversed compositional schemes in scenes such as Christ's Entry into Jerusalem at Daphni and the Holy Myrrhbearers at Mileševa Monastery. The research also highlights an affinity between artistic and literary stances, suggesting that Byzantine writers faced similar challenges in expressing dogmatic content within the literary canon, as seen in Michael Psellos' ekphrasis of a Crucifixion image.
Old Bridge Area of the Old City of Mostar
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2018 —
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A problematic application of international humanitarian law regarding 'dual-use objects' emerges from the ICTY's adjudication on the destruction of Mostar's Old Bridge. The study critically examines the Trial and Appeals Chamber judgments, focusing on the concepts of military necessity and proportionality. It argues that the Prlić et al. Appeal Judgment misapplies these principles when assessing whether targeting objects with both military and civilian functions is permissible under international law. This analysis highlights a significant legal ambiguity in cases involving heritage sites with dual-use significance, potentially setting a precedent for future interpretations.
Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park
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2018 —
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A study demonstrates that mindfulness can significantly influence sustainable tourism behaviors, particularly regarding sensitive cultural and natural sites. Participants exposed to a mindfulness-inducing audio track showed a reduced preference for group tours that included climbing Uluru, recognizing the environmental and cultural implications of such activities. The research suggests that mindfulness enhances awareness of sustainability issues in tourism contexts, contributing to broader discussions on its role in promoting responsible travel. This finding builds on existing literature linking mindfulness to positive social and individual outcomes, with potential applications in sustainable tourism practices.
Takht-e Soleyman
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2018 —
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Garnet amphibolites from Takht-e-Soleyman, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Iran, reveal distinct mineral chemistry and metamorphic evolution linked to tectonic processes. The study identifies pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions of approximately 6–8 kbar and 700–750°C during the metamorphic peak, suggesting subduction-related metamorphism. Mineral compositions indicate complex fluid-rock interactions, with garnet showing zoning patterns that reflect changes in pressure and temperature over time. This research provides critical insights into the tectonometamorphic history of the region, contributing to a better understanding of the geological dynamics that shaped Takht-e-Soleyman's unique landscape.
Western Tien-Shan
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2018 —
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Research on mineral-brown carbonate soils in the Western Tien-Shan reveals that the ratio of humic acids (Cga) to fulvic acids (Cfa) correlates with soil susceptibility to erosion, influenced by slope exposure and relief. The study found that an increase in this ratio corresponds with higher optical density of humic acids, indicating varying resistance to coagulation among different soils. These differences also reflect varying degrees of susceptibility to erosion and anthropogenic factors, providing insights into the agrochemical properties and humus condition of these mountain soils. The analysis combines field observations and literature data to assess soil fertility and erosion dynamics in this ecologically significant region.
Pasargadae
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2018 —
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A new study reveals the provenance of stones used in the construction of Pasargadae, Iran's ancient UNESCO World Heritage Site, dating back to 550–330 BCE. Researchers identified Abolverdi quarry as the source for light limestone, particularly in Cyrus the Great's tomb, while Ahmad-Beigi and Sarpaniran outcrops supplied dark limestone. Using mineralogical and geochemical analysis—including optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ICP-MS, and XRF—the team distinguished stone sources based on Sr/Fe ratios and rare-earth element concentrations. Principal component analysis confirmed these findings, offering fresh insights into the sophisticated stonework techniques of ancient Persian architecture.
Margravial Opera House Bayreuth
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2018 —
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A comprehensive restoration and reopening of the Margravial Opera House in Bayreuth, originally built in 1748 by Wilhelmina, margravine of Bayreuth, and designed by Giuseppe Galli Bibiena, has been documented. This historic structure, significant for its architectural heritage, underwent meticulous conservation efforts to preserve its Baroque elements while ensuring modern functionality. The restoration process involved detailed analysis of original materials, construction techniques, and historical records to maintain authenticity. The reopening marks a milestone in the preservation of cultural landmarks, offering insights into 18th-century operatic architecture and its enduring influence on European theater design.
Strasbourg, Grande-Île and Neustadt
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2018 —
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A comprehensive reassessment of the Palais du Rhin, once the imperial palace in Strasbourg's Grande-Île and Neustadt, reveals its pivotal role in the city's architectural and urban evolution. This study builds on Klaus Nohlen’s foundational work from the late 1970s, offering new insights into its historical significance as a transitional element between the old town and the Neustadt. The research employs a combination of archival analysis, architectural documentation, and urban planning studies to contextualize the palace's design, function, and legacy within broader European imperial contexts. Published in <em>Revue d’Alsace</em>, this work underscores the Palais du Rhin’s enduring influence on Strasbourg’s cultural heritage.
Archaeological Site of Delphi
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2018 —
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Mobile augmented reality (AR) games emerge as a promising tool for engaging students with cultural heritage, particularly at open-air archaeological sites. A pilot study using the 'Oracle of Delphi app' demonstrated that location-aware AR can effectively guide secondary school students through the sacred site of Delphi, fostering playful exploration and learning about its monuments. This innovative approach addresses gaps in current literature by evaluating usability, effectiveness, and user acceptance of mobile AR in educational contexts. The research provides actionable insights for cultural heritage administrators and educators, highlighting key factors to consider when designing digital strategies for archaeological site visits. As the first such study for Delphi, it offers a model for integrating technology with heritage dissemination.
Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve
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2018 —
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In the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, wildfire occurrence is significantly driven by anthropic factors such as population density and forest edge proximity. A study modeling fire events from 2009 to 2013 revealed that areas with higher human presence and fragmented forests are more prone to fires, with a predictive model accuracy of AUC = 0.71 when validated against 2014-2015 data. The research highlights the need for targeted fire management strategies in high-risk zones, particularly those near populated areas or forest edges, while suggesting future models incorporate direct fuel measurements for improved precision.
Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls
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2018 —
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A study on Victoria Falls Rainforest, one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World, reveals that tourist arrivals in Zimbabwe exhibit significant seasonality and upward trends with increasing variance over time. Researchers applied a SARIMA (2, 1, 0)(2, 0, 0)12 model to monthly data from 2006 to 2017, which outperformed other forecasting methods and provided reasonable two-year out-of-sample forecasts indicating continued growth in tourist arrivals. This quantitative approach offers tourism stakeholders, investors, and government agencies actionable insights for infrastructure development, accommodation planning, and addressing foreign currency challenges.
Ujung Kulon National Park
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2018 —
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Javan gibbons (Hylobates moloch) face a high risk of local extinction within 100 years due to persistent hunting and deforestation, according to a population viability analysis conducted using the VORTEX modelling software. The study assessed three independent populations—two in protected areas (Ujung Kulon National Park and Halimun-Salak National Park) and one unprotected (Dieng Mountains)—which together hold over half of Java's remaining gibbons. Findings indicate that if current threats persist, all populations could face extinction, while eliminating these pressures could ensure long-term survival with sustained genetic diversity. The research underscores the critical need for enhanced conservation measures, including stricter protection against illegal wildlife trade and habitat degradation.
Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls
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2018 —
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A new model predicts stable tourism volatility at Victoria Falls Rainforest, offering optimism for Zimbabwe's tourism sector. The SARIMA(2,1,0)(2,0,0)12-ARCH(1) model, applied to monthly tourist arrival data from 2008–2017, reveals minimal uncertainty in the first half of forecasted years, followed by consistent volatility. This suggests that favorable policies and marketing strategies could sustain Victoria Falls' appeal, potentially boosting employment and economic growth under Zimbabwe's new political dispensation. Previous studies had focused on tourism determinants like political instability and exchange rates, but this research advances understanding by modeling volatility dynamics—key for destination managers and policymakers.
Himeji-jo
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2018 —
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This study reveals the profound impact of castle cities, particularly Himeji-jo and Edo, on Japan's transformation during the late sixteenth century. These urban centers, beyond their military significance, served as catalysts for cultural evolution and political reform, shifting power from Kyoto to emerging cities. Himeji-jo, with its innovative defense structures, and Edo, as the new capital of the shogunate, exemplified this shift, fostering new ways of thinking and cultural forms that laid the foundation for Japan's peaceful modernization under a unified rule. The research analyzes how these urban developments contributed to the country's transition from a warring state to a culturally advanced nation.
Mogao Caves
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2018 —
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Research reveals that the moisture adsorption process of earthen plaster in the Mogao Caves, particularly when contaminated with NaCl and Na2SO4 salts, occurs in three distinct stages as relative humidity (RH) increases. This finding highlights the critical role of RH fluctuations in the deterioration of cave structures and wall paintings. The study employed experimental methods to analyze moisture adsorption in plaster samples with varying salt contents at different humidity levels, identifying key factors such as hygroscopicity and salt interactions that exacerbate damage. These insights provide a foundation for developing targeted preventive conservation strategies to mitigate salt-related degradation in these culturally significant sites.
Western Ghats
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2018 —
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Evapotranspiration from the Western Ghats forests contributes significantly to southwest monsoon rainfall over Tamil Nadu, accounting for 25–40% of precipitation during normal years and up to 50% during water-deficit periods or dry spells. This finding highlights the critical role of the region's dense vegetation in sustaining water availability on India's east coast, which faces severe water scarcity. The study employed regional climate simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to quantify this moisture supply mechanism. Recent deforestation in the Western Ghats not only threatens biodiversity but also risks exacerbating water shortages across Peninsular India.
St Kilda
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2018 —
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Researchers have identified Hymenolepis hibernia tapeworm infections in field mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) from St Kilda, a remote UNESCO World Heritage Site. Molecular analysis of hexacanth embryos confirmed these infections as distinct from previously reported Hymenolepis diminuta cases on the island. Phylogenetic studies suggest potential for resolving host-parasite relationships, though current data limitations hinder definitive conclusions. The study employed gross and molecular examinations of preserved mouse specimens and fecal samples, analyzing ribosomal cytochrome c-oxidase subunit-1 sequences. Findings contribute to understanding insular parasitology and its implications for disease control in humans and domestic animals.
Tongariro National Park
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2018 —
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A groundbreaking study identifies the presence of two Bartonella species, B. coopersplainsensis and B. henselae, in rats from Tongariro National Park, New Zealand. The research detected these bacteria in 15.4% (22/143) and 2.1% (3/143) of black rats, respectively, with one rat showing co-occurrence of both species. This marks the first molecular detection of Bartonella spp. DNA in New Zealand rodents and the first identification of B. henselae in rats globally. The study employed PCR to amplify and sequence bacterial genes from rat spleen samples, comparing results against NCBI databases. While B. coopersplainsensis's public health significance remains undefined, B. henselae is known to cause cat scratch disease, posing potential public health risks. The findings highlight the need for further research, including bacterial culture, to better understand Bartonella prevalence and diversity in this ecosystem.
Lençóis Maranhenses National Park
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2018 —
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Researchers identified four Leishmania species infecting sand flies in Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil, highlighting potential risks for leishmaniasis transmission. The study found <em>Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis</em> and <em>L. (Viannia) lainsoni</em> in multiple sand fly species, including <em>Lutzomyia whitmani</em>, while <em>Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum</em> was prevalent in <em>Lutzomyia wellcomei</em> and <em>Lu. sordellii</em>. Molecular analysis of 2,190 female sand flies collected from peridomiciliary areas between September 2012 and August 2013 revealed infection rates up to 20%. These findings underscore the need for surveillance and control measures to mitigate cutaneous leishmaniasis and prevent visceral leishmaniasis outbreaks in this UNESCO-listed conservation area, a major tourist destination.
Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s Church
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2018 —
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A new method for monitoring dust deposition on vertical surfaces, using imaging and open-source software (CHIJ workflow in ImageJ), was successfully trialled at the Palace of Westminster. This approach revealed significant discrepancies between data collected directly on wall paintings and traditional horizontal glass slide proxies, offering a more accurate assessment of particulate matter deposition trends. The study identified anthropogenic, geogenic, and biological sources of dust, highlighting seasonal variations and works-related impacts. Mitigation measures implemented to protect decorative surfaces demonstrated effectiveness in reducing dust diffusion. This low-tech yet robust method provides conservationists with data-driven tools for informed decision-making in heritage preservation.
Choirokoitia
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2018 —
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A proactive approach to assessing geo-hazards in cultural heritage sites, such as the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Choirokoitia in Cyprus, reveals that long-term monitoring can significantly enhance risk assessment and conservation planning. Unlike traditional reactive strategies, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of low-impact techniques like UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) and geodetic methods to monitor structural deformation and surrounding geological contexts. By integrating these technologies, researchers can identify potential geo-hazards early, enabling more sustainable and cost-effective conservation efforts. This case study underscores the importance of understanding the broader geological and geotechnical environment to mitigate risks and prioritize maintenance policies for heritage sites.
East Rennell
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2018 —
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East Rennell Island, the first natural site under customary law inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List, has shown a gradual decline in vegetation cover from 2000 to 2015, with an annual decrease of –0.0011 in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Despite this trend, 95% of the island remains undisturbed by forest cover, and the rate of change is less pronounced within the East Rennell World Heritage Site (ERWHS) compared to areas outside it. The study utilized multi-sensor and multi-temporal remote sensing data to track these changes, revealing that while potential threats like logging, mining, and agriculture persist, forest cover change outside ERWHS has remained below 15% over the studied period. The findings provide actionable insights for the Government of Solomon Islands, suggesting the integration of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) and field surveys to enhance monitoring and ensure the long-term conservation of ERWHS.
Okavango Delta
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2018 —
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Research confirms the long-standing reputation of the Upper Okavango Delta as having pristine water quality, with findings indicating minimal anthropogenic impacts on its aquatic ecosystem. The study employed a comprehensive monitoring approach, analyzing key physicochemical parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, and nutrient levels across multiple sampling sites. Results showed stable and low concentrations of pollutants, reinforcing the delta's status as one of Africa's most ecologically intact freshwater systems. This study underscores the importance of continued vigilance to preserve the region's biodiversity and hydrological integrity, given its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Ajanta Caves
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2018 —
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The rock-cut Buddhist caves at Ajanta, Ellora, and Elephanta challenge traditional distinctions between cultural and natural heritage. These sites, the first inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1983, demonstrate how monumentality is intrinsically linked to their natural environments. A study by Brancaccio (2018) argues that rethinking this dichotomy is essential for understanding South Asian heritage landscapes. The research examines these caves as sites of both cultural and natural significance, highlighting the interplay between human craftsmanship and geological context. By analyzing Ajanta, Elephanta, and Ellora, the study offers a framework to reconsider how World Heritage monuments are categorized and preserved.
Hoi An Ancient Town
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2018 —
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Tourists are increasingly acting as 'green value co-creators' by actively contributing to the restoration and preservation of Vietnam's natural and cultural heritage, including UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Hoi An Ancient Town. This study highlights how international tourists, often in collaboration with tour companies, engage in voluntary conservation efforts such as beach and riverbank cleanups, thereby 'planting green' in destinations while fostering environmental awareness among peers and local communities. While local industries remain a significant threat to these attractions' ecological charm, the growing trend of eco-conscious tourism suggests that tourists can play a pivotal role in reversing environmental degradation. The research snapshot underscores the potential for tourism to drive sustainable conservation when aligned with community participation.
Putorana Plateau
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2018 —
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A study of cisco (Coregonus sp.) from Lake Sobachye on the Putorana Plateau reveals a strong phylogenetic relationship with the vendace (Coregonus albula). Analysis of morphological traits and mitochondrial DNA polymorphism indicates that the Lake Sobachye population shares significant genetic and structural similarities with the vendace, challenging existing hypotheses about its origin. This research provides new insights into the evolutionary history of cisco species in the region, particularly their connections to both the vendace and the least cisco.
Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian
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2018 —
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A new analysis of Homo erectus humeri from the Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian reveals significant regional variability in humeral robusticity, with East Asian H. erectus exhibiting greater diaphyseal strength compared to African counterparts when standardized for body mass and limb length. This suggests possible temporal or ecogeographical differences within the species, potentially reflecting distinct upper limb loading patterns. The study utilized high-resolution computed tomography (CT) to quantify cross-sectional properties of two Zhoukoudian humeri, comparing them with African H. erectus and Eurasian Late Pleistocene hominins, including Neanderthals and Upper Paleolithic modern humans. Findings indicate that East Asian H. erectus humeral properties often align more closely with those of later hominins than with African H. erectus, challenging current understanding of this species' adaptive responses.
Melka Kunture and Balchit: Archaeological and Palaeontological Sites in the Highland Area of Ethiopia
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2018 —
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A detailed topographic analysis and hydrological modeling of the Melka Kunture archaeological site in Ethiopia's Upper Awash Valley reveals significant geohazards and paleo-landscape features. The study identifies active flooding, erosion, and sedimentation processes threatening the site, while also uncovering evidence of past tectonic activity and a shifted drainage pattern. Notably, it suggests the presence of an ancient lake or palustrine environment upstream, with water likely draining via the Atabella tributary—a theory supported by the valley's unusually large cross sections. This research demonstrates how morphometric terrain analysis can provide critical insights for archaeological and environmental studies, bridging gaps between disciplines.
Lake Baikal
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2018 —
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A recent study reveals that Spirogyra, typically absent from Lake Baikal's open nearshore waters, has undergone mass development in shallow zones, extending its vertical distribution to depths above 0.5 meters. This phenomenon was observed during 2012–2016, with the highest biomass recorded near human settlements and tourist sites, reaching up to 125 ± 59 g/m² in the southern basin and 70.5 ± 39 g/m² in the northern basin. The study identified 15 Spirogyra taxa from 37 lake sites and five streams, including eight species new to Lake Baikal and nine previously unknown in the region. Eight morphological species were reported for East Siberia for the first time. Species richness was notably higher in shallow bays with sandy bottoms, likely influenced by organic pollution. The most widespread species, S. cf. fluviatilis, thrived year-round across rocky littoral zones (0.5–17 m depth) and tributaries, including the Angara River. This research provides the first detailed account of Spirogyra's mass development in Lake Baikal amid ecological changes and offers baseline data on its species richness and distribution.
Palau de la Música Catalana and Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona
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2018 —
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A key insight into the artistic and structural innovation of Modernist architecture is revealed through the study of the Palau de la Música Catalana, designed by Lluís Domènech i Montaner. The research highlights how ceramic mosaic techniques, particularly trencadís—an abstract method using irregular tile fragments—were integrated to both decorate and protect the building's metallic structure. This approach demonstrates a seamless fusion of artistry and craftsmanship, setting a precedent for Modernisme in Catalonia. The study examines the building's ornamentation, emphasizing the dual functionality of ceramic elements while exploring their aesthetic and technical significance.
Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore
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2018 —
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Moti Masjid, a Mughal-era mosque within Lahore Fort, stands as a testament to the architectural brilliance and decorative artistry of the Mughal dynasty. This structure, adorned with white marble, delicate colored friezes, and intricate carvings, showcases the refined taste and meticulous craftsmanship of its creators. Despite environmental degradation and structural damage over time, the mosque retains its historical significance, though it faces ongoing threats from neglect and harsh weather conditions. The study emphasizes the urgent need for documentation and conservation to prevent irreversible loss, highlighting the fragility of this Mughal architectural treasure.
Okavango Delta
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2018 —
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Leopards in the Okavango Delta exhibit distinct movement patterns and athletic performance, with activity peaking during twilight hours. Using high-resolution GPS/IMU collars, researchers recorded short, slow runs (maximum speed 5.3 m/s) and daily travel distances averaging 11 km, with no correlation to temperature or season. The study provides novel insights into the locomotor energetics of leopards, demonstrating their adaptability in diverse habitats while avoiding methodological biases of previous studies.
Wadden Sea
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2018 —
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A nature-culture divide in spatial policy negatively impacts the landscape of the Dutch Wadden Sea, a UNESCO-protected site renowned for its ecological assets. This study reveals that approaching the region as an agricultural-maritime landscape could mitigate the rigid boundary between nature and culture, particularly concerning the sea dikes. By reconsidering the trilateral Wadden Sea as a mixed World Heritage Site, policymakers could adopt a more integrated perspective, balancing ecological and cultural-historical interests. The research analyzes international and national policy frameworks alongside regional examples to demonstrate these effects. These findings offer valuable insights for managing landscape and heritage in this region and serve as a model for other European coastal areas facing similar conflicts.
Danube Delta
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2018 —
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Research on the Sulina Channel of the Danube Delta reveals that dune bedforms, primarily composed of fine sand (D50 between 0.06 and 0.35 mm), follow a distinct geometric relationship where height (H) correlates with length (L) through the formula H = 0.093L^0.5268. The study, conducted using multibeam bathymetry, flow velocity measurements, suspended-load concentration data, and discharge records, identified shear stresses ranging from 2.86 to 8.62 N·m^-2 across the dune field formation. Water velocities during the February 2007 field campaign varied between 0.22–1.13 m·s^-1, providing insights into sediment dynamics and hydraulic conditions influencing dune growth and degeneration.
Ningaloo Coast
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2018 —
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A 9.5-hectare patch of the seagrass species <em>Amphibolis antarctica</em> at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia, was completely lost due to a combination of tropical cyclone-induced burial and marine heatwave impacts. The study highlights the devastating effects of compounded climate events on seagrass communities, with no observed recruitment of new seedlings since the loss, suggesting potential hindrance by local ocean circulation patterns. This research underscores the vulnerability of coastal ecosystems to simultaneous extreme weather events.
Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City
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2018 —
WHE34C3A038F3
Research at the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City reveals that rice domestication in the lower Yangtze River region spanned approximately 6,000 years during the Neolithic period. The study identified three distinct stages in this process, marked by turning points around 6,500-5,800 and 4,600-4,300 years BP. It established that an assemblage of rice remains can be classified as domesticated if it meets two criteria simultaneously: a proportion of domesticated-type bulliform phytoliths exceeding 73% and a proportion of domesticated-type rice spikelet bases higher than 75%. The study analyzed multiple indicators, including macroremains like charred seeds and microremains such as phytoliths, from 38 archaeological samples collected across eight Neolithic sites. This comprehensive approach provides a more accurate understanding of the gradual and successive development of domesticated rice characteristics over time.
Murujuga Cultural Landscape
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2018 —
WHE87447D678E
A robust corpus of late Pleistocene and early Holocene rock art has been identified on Murujuga (Dampier Archipelago), revealing how early cultural practices were adapted to extreme environmental pressures. Stylistic, spatial, and archaeological analyses demonstrate that rock art production was strategically mobilized within the natural and social landscape, serving as a means to map and mitigate shifting geographies during periods of significant environmental change. This finding challenges previous assumptions about the resilience and adaptability of early human societies in northwest Australia.
