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Showing 22941 – 22960 of 30345 publications

A new species of the genus Icius (Araneae: Salticidae) from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan

Ogasawara Islands — 2015 — WHE573E8ACD39

Researchers have identified and described a new species of jumping spider, Icius rugosus, from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. This discovery, published in Acta Arachnologica, distinguishes the species through unique genital morphologies and male chelicera with ventral wrinkles, setting it apart from the closely related I. hamatus. Additionally, the study synonymizes I. daisetsuzanus with Sitticus ranieri, clarifying the taxonomic status of Japanese species in this genus. The Ogasawara Islands serve as a critical biodiversity hotspot, underscoring the significance of this finding for understanding regional arachnid diversity.

A new species of troglobitic freshwater prawn of the genus Macrobrachium Bate, 1868 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Phong Nha-Ke Bang national park, Quang Binh province

Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park and Hin Nam No National Park — 2015 — WHEE933D54CED

Researchers have discovered a new species of troglobiotic freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium phongnhaense, in the caves of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Vietnam. This species is characterized by its transparent body, highly degenerated eyes, smooth and slender second pereiopods, elongated telson, and unarmed preanal region. The discovery was made through morphological comparisons with allied troglobiotic congeners, revealing unique traits that distinguish it from other known species, such as M. lingyunense and M. elegantum. This new species inhabits lightless cave streams and standing waters, typically found in substrates like silt or sandy mud. The findings contribute to the understanding of biodiversity within UNESCO-listed Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, highlighting its unique subterranean ecosystems.

A New Specimen of Nothosaurus from the Latest Anisian (Middle Triassic) Besano Formation (Grenzbitumenzone) of Italy

Monte San Giorgio — 2015 — WHE28B5F1F564

A new specimen of Nothosaurus, a small nothosaur, has been discovered from the latest Anisian (Middle Triassic) Besano Formation at Monte San Giorgio, Italy. This nearly complete but disarticulated skeleton provides significant insights into the osteology of N. juvenilis and suggests the coexistence of sympatric Nothosaurus species characterized by size and potentially trophic differentiation in the Monte San Giorgio area, similar to patterns observed in the coeval Germanic Basin. The specimen's postcranial skeleton supports its assignment to the genus Nothosaurus while excluding it from N. giganteus/Paranothosaurus amsleri, known from nearby Swiss localities. Although the skull is largely absent, preserved cranial elements hint at similarities with N. juvenilis, further enhancing our understanding of this species.

A Non-Linear Finite Element Approach to predict the Structural Damage of the Narthex of the Bethlehem Nativity Church

Birthplace of Jesus: Church of the Nativity and the Pilgrimage Route, Bethlehem — 2015 — WHE69382BE291

Advanced numerical simulations reveal that the narthex of Bethlehem's Church of the Nativity, characterized by five decaying cross vaults and significant structural damage, likely experienced progressive deformation due to complex internal stresses. Using a non-linear finite element approach with tetrahedron elements obeying damage plasticity laws, researchers reconstructed the evolution of damage in the narthex, achieving a deformed configuration closely matching observed conditions. This model validated hypotheses about the causes of damage, providing critical insights for ongoing restoration efforts. The study integrates archival research, subsoil inspections, and laser scanning data to offer a precise understanding of the structural behavior under historical and environmental loads.

A novel psychrophilic alkaline phosphatase from the metagenome of tidal flat sediments

Getbol, Korean Tidal Flats — 2015 — WHE79AEA6D72A

Researchers have identified and characterized a novel psychrophilic alkaline phosphatase (mAP) from the metagenome of tidal flat sediments in Getbol, Korea. This enzyme, distinct from classical PhoA family members, exhibits high catalytic activity at low temperatures and remarkable thermal instability, with optimal activity at 37°C and complete inactivation by 65°C within 15 minutes. mAP demonstrates broad substrate specificity, efficiently removing terminal phosphates from linearized plasmid DNA, a capability comparable to commercially available alkaline phosphatases. This discovery marks the first thermolabile AP found in cold-adapted marine metagenomes, offering potential applications in molecular biology for dephosphorylation processes.

A Petrological Study of Stones Used in the Three Storied Stone Pagoda of Bulguksa Temple

Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple — 2015 — WHE50722020D4

A petrological analysis of the stones used in Bulguksa Temple's Three-Storied Stone Pagoda reveals that most components match the characteristics of Namsan granite, a local stone found around Gyeongju, while the finial (jeweled cover) aligns with Tohamsan granite. This distinction was confirmed through non-destructive testing using magnetic susceptibility and gamma-ray spectrometry. The study identifies Namsan granite as the optimal replacement material for weathered stones due to its petrological similarity, while also pinpointing potential quarry sites in Dongcheon-dong (Gyeongju) and Huenggok-ri (Pohang), areas separated by the Yangsan Fault. This research provides critical insights for conservation efforts, ensuring authenticity in restoration using geologically compatible materials.

A pioneer survey and DNA barcoding of some commonly found gastropod molluscs on Robben Island

Robben Island — 2015 — WHEBE2EF2A10B

A survey of gastropod molluscs on Robben Island revealed unexpected absences of invasive species that are widespread elsewhere in South Africa. Unlike the Cape peninsula, where the South American bisexual mussel (Semimytilusalgosus) and beaded topshells (Oxysteleimpervia) thrive, these species were not found on Robben Island. The study used morphology and DNA barcoding to identify 19 gastropod species, including introduced dune snails and European brown garden snails, challenging assumptions about the island's biodiversity. This finding suggests that factors such as environmental conditions or historical introductions may influence the presence of invasive species in this unique marine environment.

A project proposal for the construction of the underwater archaeological nature routes into the Protected Marine Area of Santa Maria di Castellabate

Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archeological Sites of Paestum and Velia, and the Certosa di Padula — 2015 — WHEFF3351467A

A proposed project aims to create underwater archaeological nature routes within the Protected Marine Area of Santa Maria di Castellabate, part of Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park. This initiative seeks to promote innovative use of archaeological heritage by integrating natural landscapes with submerged sites, including Roman-era shipwrecks and World War II remnants, while preserving seagrass meadows. The proposal highlights the potential for sustainable tourism that balances environmental conservation with cultural exploration, offering new perspectives on the region's rich maritime history.

A Provincial City Shows Respect : Shopping and Mourning in Bath

City of Bath — 2015 — WHE96642E5A88

A unique anthropological study of the City of Bath reveals how local communities expressed grief and respect during the national mourning period for Diana, Princess of Wales. The research highlights regional variations in mourning practices, particularly through the creation of impromptu shop window shrines dedicated to Diana, which were documented on the morning of her funeral—a time when public displays were expected to peak but many people were indoors watching television. A follow-up interview a year later captured the enduring impact of these spontaneous tributes and their role in shaping communal mourning rituals. The study provides insight into local aesthetics, appropriateness norms, and the lasting social changes triggered by collective grief.

A quantification of damage and assessment of economic loss due to crop raiding by Asian Elephant Elephas maximus (Mammalia: Proboscidea: Elephantidae): a case study of Manas National Park, Assam, India

Manas Wildlife Sanctuary — 2015 — WHE72444C6A6C

Human-elephant conflict in Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India, is less severe than previously thought, with ample opportunity for coexistence. A study from 2007 to 2009 found that while overall economic losses due to crop raiding by Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) were negligible, individual farmers faced significant financial impacts. Autumn paddy suffered the highest raiding incidence, whereas pulses saw the least damage. Crop fields near the park's boundary were particularly vulnerable, highlighting the need for buffer zones. Traditional farmer-led guarding practices effectively reduced raiding frequency and damage, suggesting that strengthening these methods could substantially mitigate human-elephant conflict.

A reassembly of the monumental fragments in Dowth townland and their significance as an integral part of the prehistoric numinous precince of Brú na Bóinne, Co. Meath.

Brú na Bóinne - Archaeological Ensemble of the Bend of the Boyne — 2015 — WHEA2DC8E1C61

New research reclassifies several sites in Dowth townland as probable or possible passage tombs, expanding the known archaeological landscape of Brú na Bóinne. The study reveals that these monuments were deliberately integrated into a larger numinous precinct alongside Newgrange and Knowth, suggesting continuity in ritual traditions spanning over a thousand years. Fieldwork also identified previously unrecorded archaeological features, providing insights into the deliberate siting of passage tombs and its influence on the development of the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age monumental landscape. This challenges the notion that later monuments were built without regard to pre-existing structures, instead indicating a conscious integration into an evolving ritual landscape.

A Research Study on the Foundation of the Three Storied Stone Pagoda(Seokgatap) of Bulguksa temple in GyeongJu

Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple — 2015 — WHE2E6FFBB02C

A comprehensive investigation of the Seokgatap, a three-storied stone pagoda at Bulguksa Temple, reveals that its foundation, constructed with stones 1.5 to 2.0 meters wide and approximately 2.0 meters deep, is structurally sound and capable of supporting the pagoda's weight. The study, employing advanced geophysical techniques such as electrical resistivity, refraction seismic, surface wave exploration, GPR (Ground-Penetrating Radar), and plate loading tests, found that the foundation depth decreases from the base outward. These findings provide critical data for future repair work, ensuring the preservation of this UNESCO World Heritage Site's architectural integrity.

A Restricted Gaze: The Ornament of the Main Caliphal Palace of Samarra

Samarra Archaeological City — 2015 — WHE5E4F45B481

Research reveals that the architectural ornamentation of Samarra’s Main Caliphal Palace, particularly in its Audience Hall Complex, was strategically designed to reinforce hierarchical power structures. By using unpublished documentation from Ernst Herzfeld’s 1912–13 excavations, the study demonstrates how ornamentation was intentionally placed to encourage a restricted gaze—visible only partially or not at all to most palace guests. This design choice aligns with the ideological goals of the Abbasid caliphs, enhancing their aura of exclusivity and authority. The analysis suggests that ornamentation in this section of the palace was meticulously planned in conjunction with its architectural frame, serving as a visual tool to maintain the mystique and control over public perception of the caliphate.

A rethink of the incentives programme in the conservation of South Korea’s historic villages

Historic Villages of Korea: Hahoe and Yangdong — 2015 — WHE577518453B

South Korea's historic villages, such as Hahoe and Yangdong, face a disconnect between conservation incentives and local community needs. A study analyzing residents' perceptions using Bennett’s program evaluation method found that current policies prioritize heritage tourism over addressing the aspirations of local communities. This research highlights the importance of aligning conservation efforts with economic development goals to better serve the needs of residents in these UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

A revision of Timonius (Rubiaceae) in Kinabalu Park, Borneo, with notes on typification and species distinction

Kinabalu Park — 2015 — WHED1FA12CA16

A comprehensive revision of the genus Timonius (Rubiaceae) in Kinabalu Park, Borneo, identifies 13 species, including seven likely endemic to the Kinabalu massif—four of which are restricted to ultramafic substrates. The study designates two lectotypes and proposes two new synonyms, addressing long-standing taxonomic ambiguities. Researchers examined specimens from multiple herbaria (BO, BRUN, K, L, SAN, SING, SNP) using traditional herbarium taxonomy methods, providing critical clarity for this understudied genus in West Malesia.

A Roman monumental building in south-east Damascus?

Ancient City of Damascus — 2015 — WHE585366B3A6

Archaeological excavations in south-east Damascus uncovered walls of a monumental building, likely dating to the Roman period. The discovery, made during the renovation of an Ottoman house into a hotel between 2004 and 2011, sheds light on the poorly understood topography of this part of ancient Damascus. The walls, notable for their size and orientation to the Roman grid, raise questions about their possible function and date. While the authors suggest they could be part of a gymnasium constructed by Herod the Great, further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.

A sanctuary, or so fair a house? In defense of an archaeology of cult at Pre-Pottery Neolithic Göbekli Tepe

Göbekli Tepe — 2015 — WHE5E4AC31BE6

Göbekli Tepe, a Pre-Pottery Neolithic site in southeastern Turkey, challenges conventional notions of early religious architecture. This study defends the interpretation of Göbekli Tepe as a cultic sanctuary, countering arguments that dismiss it as merely a 'fair house.' Through meticulous archaeological analysis, including spatial organization, artifact distribution, and symbolic motifs, researchers argue for its role in ritual practices. The approach combines stratigraphic data with contextual evidence to support the site's function as a place of worship, offering new insights into the origins of religious behavior during the Neolithic period.

A society of things: animal figurines and material scales at Neolithic Çatalhöyük

Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük — 2015 — WHE697A1DC819

At the Neolithic site of Çatalhöyük, animal figurines—comprising over half of the figurine assemblage (741 horns and 449 quadrupeds)—served as active conduits between humans and wild animals, facilitating intimate, embodied interactions that were not possible with large-scale art or plaster installations. These meticulously crafted, small-scale figures, often depicting cattle, boar, or deer with anatomical precision, enabled democratized engagement across species divides through their portability and immediacy. The study highlights how figurines bridged material scales, embodying social and symbolic roles that transcended the limitations of narrative paintings or hunting trophies, offering a unique lens into Neolithic material culture.

A Special ERT-3D Array Carried Out to Investigate the Subsoil of the Pyramid El Castillo, Chichen Itza, Mexico

Pre-Hispanic City of Chichen-Itza — 2015 — WHEA4E90CE897

Researchers identified a low-resistivity body beneath the Pyramid El Castillo at Chichen Itza, Mexico, suggesting the presence of a sinkhole filled with sweet water. This finding builds on previous ground-penetrating radar (GPR) studies that hinted at man-made tunnels in the limestone subsoil. To investigate this further, scientists employed a specialized 3D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT-3D) array, using 96 flat-surface electrodes arranged in a square geometry around the pyramid. This method allowed for 8,500 apparent resistivity observations across a depth of 25 meters, providing a detailed subsurface profile. The study highlights the potential of ERT-3D arrays to overcome challenges posed by traditional geophysical methods when applied to ancient structures, offering new insights into the hidden complexities of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

A stable isotopic study of the diet of Potamonautes sidneyi (Brachyura: Potamonautidae) in two coastal lakes of the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa

iSimangaliso Wetland Park – Maputo National Park — 2015 — WHEED0D879FF0

A stable isotopic analysis of the diet of Potamonautes sidneyi, a dominant freshwater crab in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, reveals its complex trophic role and dietary flexibility across seasons. The study found that juveniles from Mpophomeni Stream exhibit a more carnivorous diet and higher trophic position compared to adults, while both sites showed seasonal shifts—consuming aquatic invertebrates and sedimentary organic matter in wet summer months but shifting to detritus and microphytobenthos in autumn/winter. Despite abiotic variations between Lake Sibaya and Mpophomeni Stream, adult crab diets remained consistent, suggesting resilience to environmental changes. The species acts as an intermediate consumer, facilitating nutrient cycling by breaking down decomposing organic matter, highlighting its ecological significance in coastal wetland ecosystems.