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Showing 24941 – 24960 of 30315 publications

Heritage erasure and heritage transformation: how heritage is created by destruction in Bahrain

Dilmun Burial Mounds — 2014 — WHE946C1A5495

Heritage erasure can lead to heritage transformation, as demonstrated by the case of Bahrain's Dilmun Burial Mounds. The study reveals that the destruction of these ancient burial sites due to modern development has paradoxically elevated them to significant national heritage status in Bahrain. This finding challenges conventional notions of heritage preservation and highlights the dynamic processes through which heritage is created and redefined. The research employs a comparative approach, analyzing three distinct cases: the Dilmun Burial Mounds, neglected Shia religious shrines, and the destroyed Pearl Monument from the 2011 uprising. These cases illustrate different modes of engaging with the past—preserved history, living heritage, and future-oriented transformation—shedding light on the complex interplay between destruction, identity, and national narrative in Bahrain.

Herpetofauna of protected areas in the Caatinga II: Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil

Serra da Capivara National Park — 2014 — WHE6B0817743D

A comprehensive survey of Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, reveals 37 herpetofaunal species, including lizards, snakes, frogs, a caecilian, and a chelonian. The study, conducted over 30 days using multiple trapping methods, suggests that local biodiversity remains underestimated, with rarefaction curves indicating potential undiscovered diversity. An atypical drought during the survey period may have affected captures, particularly of amphibians and snakes. Notably, water-dependent and forest-dependent species were found in canyons ('Boqueirões'), hinting at relictual rainforest fragments that require further study and conservation attention.

High Precision Dating and Archaeological Chronologies: Revisiting an old problem

Archaeological Site of Troy — 2014 — WHE0EFD434B93

A groundbreaking integration of dendrochronology and radiocarbon dating offers unprecedented precision for chronologies in the Aegean and East Mediterranean, resolving longstanding debates about the timing of events like the destruction of Troy or the construction of Midas’s tomb. The study demonstrates that while high-resolution dating can pinpoint specific events—such as building construction or burial dates—it does not inherently provide a narrative history, raising questions about the validity of event-centric interpretations in archaeology. By combining tree-ring sequences with radiocarbon analysis, researchers address the challenges of regional 14CO2 offsets and floating chronologies, though they caution against overinterpreting results to fit preconceived historical narratives.

Hindu Iconography in Bagan

Bagan — 2014 — WHE1065F2A606

Bagan, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Myanmar, reveals a unique blend of Hindu and Buddhist iconography, reflecting the region's cultural synthesis influenced by Indianized traditions. The study highlights that Brahmanic deities, often depicted alongside Buddhist elements, are prevalent across Bagan, particularly in sites like NatlaungKyaung, Nanpaya, and Shwesandaw Pagoda. This fusion suggests historical interactions where local rulers adopted Brahmanical rites for significant ceremonies, integrating these practices with existing Buddhist traditions. The research underscores the significance of Bagan as a cultural nexus, where Hindu iconography persists subtly, often unrecognized by the local populace but evident in artistic and religious artifacts.

Hints on Landscape Gardening

Muskauer Park / Park Mużakowski — 2014 — WHE51D171068F

Prince Pückler’s Hints on Landscape Gardening (1834), alongside his masterpiece Park Muskau, stands as a foundational work for American landscape architecture, paralleling the influence of Frederick Law Olmsted. This authoritative English translation, featuring 44 images and four maps from the original German Atlas, provides unprecedented access to Pückler’s visionary approach to landscape design. The publication includes a page concordance enabling direct reference to the German source, ensuring fidelity to the original intent. A complementary electronic version restores the Atlas illustrations at their original dimensions (51 x 35 cm), preserving the spatial and conceptual integrity of Pückler’s designs.

Histoire du Canal du Midi

Canal du Midi — 2014 — WHE41EAEAE799

The Canal du Midi, stretching from Toulouse to the Mediterranean and officially opened in 1682, stands as a testament to the engineering prowess of Pierre-Paul Riquet and François Andréossy. This historical account, penned by Antoine-François Andréossy, a descendant of François Andréossy and a member of the Académie des Sciences, delves into the terrain of southern France to elucidate the construction and significance of the canal. Notably, Andréossy challenges the conventional narrative by arguing that Riquet's role in the canal's creation has been overstated, with true credit belonging to his ancestor. The work includes original documents from the canal's construction period and an appendix detailing its route, offering a comprehensive perspective on this engineering marvel. First published in 1800, with subsequent editions planned but never completed, this reissued edition provides valuable insights into the historical context and engineering achievements of the Canal du Midi.

Historiallinen näkökulma maailmanperintökohteiden määrittelyyn

Old Rauma — 2014 — WHE97FCB8EE97

Old Rauma's designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site reflects the dynamic interplay between global heritage criteria and local perceptions, particularly regarding its 'outstanding universal value.' Research reveals that while international frameworks emphasize permanence, local narratives often highlight change and adaptation. This study analyzes how Old Rauma's historical narrative has been constructed, shaped by both global standards and local interpretations from the 1970s to the 2000s. By comparing documented heritage criteria with community perspectives, it underscores the tension between preservation ideals and lived experiences, offering insights into the fluid nature of cultural heritage definitions.

Historic Cities and the Venice Charter: Contributions to the Sustainable Preservation of Urban Heritage

Venice and its Lagoon — 2014 — WHE77C8A741D8

The Venice Charter of 1964 established foundational principles for the sustainable preservation of urban heritage, emphasizing minimal intervention, respect for original materials, and the integration of monuments within their settings. It marked a shift from earlier romantic reconstruction approaches, advocating for scientifically informed conservation practices that balance authenticity with contemporary needs. The charter's influence extended beyond individual monuments to neighborhoods and towns, promoting socially useful purposes for heritage preservation. Subsequent documents, such as the Nara Document (1994) and the Burra Charter (1979), expanded these principles by redefining authenticity and broadening the scope of urban heritage conservation. This study evaluates the enduring contributions and challenges of the Venice Charter in guiding global efforts to preserve historic cities like Venice, highlighting its role in shaping international standards for heritage management.

Historical Reconstruction of Noble Womans Yu(jacket) and Gun(skirt) on Wall Painting of Jang-Cheon No.1 Tomb in Goguryeo

Complex of Koguryo Tombs — 2014 — WHE3B6D3B2C66

A historical reconstruction of noble women's attire (Yu jacket and Gun skirt) depicted on the mural paintings of Jang-Cheon No.1 Tomb in Goguryeo reveals significant disparities between the original artwork and modern reproductions, highlighting challenges in accurately representing costume details such as structure, materials, colors, and patterns without direct access to the original murals. The study emphasizes the need for further analysis to bridge these gaps and achieve precise historical representation.

Holocene landscape dynamics at the tell Arslantepe, Malatya, Turkey – Soil erosion, buried soils and settlement layers, slope and river activity in a middle Euphrates catchment

Arslantepe Mound — 2014 — WHE55BCF25FBF

Research at Arslantepe Mound reveals that soil erosion and landscape degradation in the Euphrates catchment were more intense during Roman times, coinciding with increased fluvial activity. The study identified multiple Holocene erosion phases, some predating known settlement onsets, suggesting early agricultural impacts or climatic influences like the 10.3 and 8.2 kyr climate events. Buried soils, including an early Holocene Terra Rossa-like soil and a Neo-Hittite town layer, were also uncovered, indicating rapid soil formation and societal collapse responses around 5.0 and 2.6 kyr. The analysis of alluvial and colluvial sequences, supported by OSL dating, radiocarbon ages, and artifact evidence, highlights the potential of slope deposits for reconstructing long-term human-induced landscape changes in Anatolia.

Home range and activity patterns of Conepatus semistriatus (Carnivora, Mephitidae) in Emas National Park, Brazil

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2014 — WHE2A5B5E5AF8

Research on the striped skunk (Conepatus semistriatus) in Emas National Park, Brazil, reveals that this elusive carnivore is predominantly nocturnal and highly active during foraging. The study, using radio-collaring data from three individuals over 157 observations, found that temperature significantly influenced activity patterns, while light had no apparent effect. Home range estimates averaged 1.39 ± 0.87 km² (Minimum Convex Polygon method) and 0.69 ± 0.25 km² (Local Convex Hull method), with substantial overlap (0.27 km²) between individuals in resource-rich areas. This suggests that C. semistriatus may be more abundant or active than previously assumed, particularly in regions with accessible food sources.

Homicídios e disputas territoriais nas favelas do Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea — 2014 — WHEE660291E99

Homicide risk in Rio de Janeiro's favelas is paradoxically lower within the communities themselves compared to surrounding areas, particularly where territorial disputes between armed gangs are intense. This counterintuitive finding emerges from a study analyzing mortality data from 2006 to 2009, combining geographic and ethnographic methods, including participant observation and interviews. Researchers found that while favelas themselves have homicide rates comparable to or lower than the rest of the city, areas adjacent to these communities—especially those caught in turf wars—experience significantly higher violence. The study highlights how drug trafficking and gang conflicts create an 'ecology of danger' in strategic urban zones, underscoring the complex interplay between territorial control and public safety in Rio's Carioca Landscapes.

Hope in the dark: geographies of volunteer and dark tourism in Cambodia

Cambodian Memorial Sites: From centres of repression to places of peace and reflection — 2014 — WHE87EDBE4D5F

This study reveals that volunteer tourism in Cambodia, particularly at memorial sites of past violence, fosters hope for a better future by contesting the 'monstrous' legacies of deprivation and atrocities. Volunteers, who engage in medical or community development work, express hopeful beliefs in eradicating poverty through education and healthcare, yet their experiences are shaped by encounters with sites like Khmer Rouge memorials and impoverished communities. The research combines interviews with returned volunteers and auto-ethnographic observations to demonstrate how material experiences at these sites can generate hope, offering a post-phenomenological perspective on the geographies of hope.

Hue re-examined : history, memory, heritage

Complex of Hué Monuments — 2014 — WHE7E15687F24

Hue, once a symbol of stagnation and victimhood in Vietnamese political discourse, has undergone a critical reappraisal that challenges its negative portrayals. This study reveals Hue's dynamic history as the imperial center of Vietnam, showing how its decline facilitated radicalization during the Vietnam War and left a lasting legacy on modern Vietnamese leadership. By examining the spiritual significance of Hue's monumental architecture and its enduring cultural impact, the research argues for a balanced understanding of its heritage status. The study employs a critical analysis of political discourse, scholarly literature, and material culture to reassess Hue's multifaceted role in Vietnam's past and present.

Human and wildlife usage of a protected area buffer zone in an area of high immigration

Selous Game Reserve — 2014 — WHEA9A525BF1B

A study on the Selous Game Reserve's buffer zone reveals that population growth, driven by immigration seeking available land, is not directly linked to the protected area but poses risks to wildlife. Using ecological and socio-economic surveys, researchers found that immigrants made up one-third of the local population, with pastoralism reducing signs of large grazing mammals and elephants, while agriculture decreased elephant and buffalo sightings but increased other ungulates. Poor management of the Wildlife Management Area led to low awareness and limited benefits for residents, undermining conservation efforts. If unchecked, human activity could negatively impact the Selous Game Reserve, but proper resource management could benefit local communities.

Human body preservation – old and new techniques

Settlement and Artificial Mummification of the Chinchorro Culture in the Arica and Parinacota Region — 2014 — WHE30CCCDA5A5

A groundbreaking review reveals that the Chinchorro culture of northern Chile, dating back over 5000 years, pioneered sophisticated artificial mummification techniques, predating those of ancient Egypt. Unlike other pre-Columbian cultures, Chinchorros employed a method involving layering of clay and ochre, combined with internal organ removal and body manipulation, achieving remarkable preservation akin to modern anatomical embalming. The study contrasts these ancient practices with later developments, including 19th-century anatomical techniques and contemporary chemical embalming methods, while analyzing their biomechanical properties, antimicrobial efficacy, and histological outcomes. It also evaluates the compliance of modern embalming chemicals with the European Biocidal Products Directive (98/8/EC).

Hydraulic capacity of ancient water conveyance systems to Ephesus

Ephesus — 2014 — WHE0DB1F2553E

Ancient Ephesus was sustained by four extensive water conveyance systems, each with distinct hydraulic capacities. The Şirince system, spanning 8 km and composed of baked clay pipes, delivered approximately 10 liters per second (l/s). Similarly, the 7 km Derbentdere system, also using baked clay pipes, had a capacity of around 20 l/s. In contrast, the Değirmendere system, a masonry conduit stretching 36 km, boasted a significantly higher capacity of 200 l/s, while the 42 km Kayapınar system, another masonry conduit, delivered about 100 l/s. Notably, the Şirince system was extended in the 6th century AD by the 650 m long Selcuk aqueduct, which served as an inverted siphon, further enhancing its functionality.

Hydrocarbons in the sediments offshore of the Curonian Spit (the south–eastern part of the Baltic Sea)

Curonian Spit — 2014 — WHEDE185C1C83

Research reveals that the accumulation of hazardous hydrocarbons, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in sediments offshore of the Curonian Spit is strongly linked to organic carbon content and sediment grain size. Elevated PAH concentrations were notably detected near Pionersky port, suggesting localized sources or higher exposure levels. The study compared aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHCs) and PAHs with total organic carbon (Corg) in coastal sediments of the eastern Gdansk Basin, providing insights into the environmental factors influencing hydrocarbon distribution. This finding underscores the importance of sediment characteristics in assessing pollution risks in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Hydrochemical characteristics and recharge sources of Lake Nuoertu in the Badain Jaran Desert

Badain Jaran Desert - Towers of Sand and Lakes — 2014 — WHEF52E4160FD

Lake Nuoertu, one of the largest and deepest lakes in the Badain Jaran Desert, exhibits significant annual and seasonal variations in its physical and chemical characteristics, unlike groundwater. The lake's hydrochemical composition is consistently Na-Cl-CO3-(SO4), indicating strong evaporation in the region. Stable isotope analysis reveals that groundwater serves as the primary recharge source for Lake Nuoertu, with evidence suggesting a mixed origin of modern and older water (pre-1952). Tritium dating of tufa springs around the lake estimates their age at 75–80 years, highlighting the complex recharge dynamics. The study utilized ion concentrations, total dissolved solids, stable isotopes, and tritium analysis to unravel these processes.

Hydrochemical characterization of surface water in the Timgad watershed, East Algeria

Timgad — 2014 — WHE6BAA7305C1

Surface water quality in the Timgad watershed, Algeria, exhibits distinct hydrochemical facies influenced by anthropogenic sources and water–rock interactions. Two primary facies were identified: MgHCO₃ and MgSO₄, with significant spatio-temporal variations confirmed through ANOVA. Cluster analysis revealed two main groups at each of three sampling stations, indicating complex chemical dynamics driven by major ions (Mg, Ca, HCO₃, SO₄). The study underscores the impact of human activities on water chemistry in this UNESCO World Heritage Site, offering insights for conservation and management strategies.