The Grand Canal
—
2022 —
WHEE887F7258F
A new method for ecological function regionalization (EFR) using the Leading Ecological Function (LEF) index has been developed, offering a more precise and practical approach to identifying dominant ecosystem services. Applied to the Core Area of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal (CA-BHGC), this study found that biodiversity maintenance, food production, and water retention are the primary ecological functions, with grid proportions of 51.64%, 41.04%, and 6.93% respectively. The LEF index, calculated using the Maximum Value Composite (MVC) method, effectively represents the advantageous ecological functions of grid pixels, contributing over 50% to the comprehensive ecological function value in most cases. This approach enhances spatial guidance for ecological management, showing strong correlation with natural geographical environments and aiding in conflict resolution among economic development, ecological protection, and cross-administrative regions.
San Cristóbal de La Laguna
—
2022 —
WHE55FFD19311
A UNESCO World Heritage City, San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Canary Islands), has achieved a 4% to 48% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions between 2009 and 2019 through targeted interventions. This progress, driven by the city's commitment to the EU's Climate and Energy Pact, highlights effective strategies for urban sustainability in fossil fuel-dependent regions. The study analyzed emissions across four sectors—buildings, public lighting, transportation, and agriculture, forestry, and fishing—and demonstrated that a Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP) could further reduce emissions by 64% by 2030 if fully implemented. This case offers valuable insights for other oceanic islands aiming to meet ambitious climate targets.
K’gari (Fraser Island)
—
2022 —
WHEA8F34B768E
Human-wildlife conflict, driven by negative interactions between people and wildlife, is a significant contributor to biodiversity loss and species extinction. This study critically analyzes the governance of such conflicts, revealing that legal institutions often exacerbate these issues by promoting individual autonomy while ignoring the interconnected vulnerabilities shared by humans and non-human species. Using case studies from K'gari (Fraser Island) in Australia, Northern Botswana, and the global wildlife trade's role in COVID-19, the research demonstrates how international and state laws fail to address or mitigate these conflicts effectively. The findings underscore the need for transformative management strategies that recognize and integrate the ecological and social dimensions of human-wildlife interactions.
Macquarie Island
—
2022 —
WHE7B30A43341
Invasive plant species, particularly those adapted to extreme cold conditions, pose significant threats to sub-Antarctic and Antarctic ecosystems. Research on Macquarie Island reveals that these species, such as Poa annua and Stellaria media, persist through large, long-lived soil seed banks and are facilitated by human introductions, animal disturbances, and climate change. While no single biological trait predicts invasiveness in the sub-Antarctic, ecological drivers like accidental human movement and soil disturbance enable their spread. The study emphasizes the need for proactive measures to prevent further invasion, develop low-impact control methods, and protect these fragile ecosystems from potential threats extending into Antarctica due to warming climates.
Historic City of Ayutthaya
—
2022 —
WHE385978E07D
Tourists visiting Ayutthaya Historical Park, Thailand, derive significant economic value from the site, with an annual valuation of approximately 1.99 billion Baht (around $60 million USD). The study, which analyzed data from 400 tourists using the Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM), found that visitors primarily travel to experience arts and culture, drawn by the park's ancient ruins and serene environment. Key factors influencing visitation decisions included travel cost and distance. On average, visitors make 2.61 trips per year, with each visit generating a consumer surplus of 1,508.40 Baht (around $45 USD). This economic valuation underscores the park's importance as both a cultural and recreational destination.
Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems
—
2022 —
WHE3DDC0CFC2C
Research reveals distinct ecoregional and temporal patterns in dugong habitat use within the complex coral reef lagoon ecosystems of New Caledonia, offering critical insights for conservation. By analyzing 9371 hourly positions from 16 satellite-tagged dugongs, scientists identified significant differences in the intensity of dugong presence across shallow waters, deeper lagoon areas, and fore-reef shelves. These findings were validated using aerial survey data, extending our understanding of dugong distribution beyond traditional surveys, particularly highlighting their nocturnal preference for shallow waters during high tide. This study underscores the potential of satellite tracking and dynamic habitat modeling to inform effective spatial management strategies for elusive marine mammals like the dugong.
Mount Huangshan
—
2022 —
WHE0C179E0BA6
A 30-year study on the Huangshan Man and Biosphere Reserve (HMBR) reveals that sustainable ecotourism policies have simultaneously boosted local economies, increased visitor numbers, and expanded habitat suitability for an endangered primate, the Tibetan macaque. The research found that while ecotourism income rose alongside visitor counts, the macaque population thrived, particularly in low-altitude buffer zones with minimal tourist disturbance. Notably, scenic spots—once contributing minimally to habitat suitability (0.71%)—now significantly impact it negatively (32.88%), highlighting a critical trade-off between conservation and tourism development. This study provides a robust framework for evaluating the balance between sustainable development and wildlife conservation in UNESCO Man and Biosphere reserves.
Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities)
—
2022 —
WHE03E49E7504
A significant shift in U.S. military policy towards cultural property protection (CPP) has been documented, marking a departure from historical practices that often neglected or even destroyed historic sites during conflicts. The study highlights the ratification of the 1954 Hague Convention by the U.S. Senate in 2009, following devastating incidents such as the looting of the Iraqi National Museum and damage to ancient sites like Samarra. This change is attributed to advocacy efforts by key figures, including Corine Wegener at the Smithsonian Institution and Laurie Rush from the Department of the Army, who played pivotal roles in integrating CPP into military planning and training. The research draws on conference proceedings and historical analysis to underscore the evolving recognition of cultural heritage preservation in modern military doctrine.
Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks
—
2022 —
WHEA5D1D62AF5
A significant reduction in savanna and grassland areas, alongside an increase in planted forests, pastures, and agricultural lands, was observed in the Chapada dos Veadeiros region following the implementation of Brazil's Forest Law (Lei Estadual nº 18.104/2013). This study analyzed vegetation cover changes between 2008 and 2018 using quantitative methods, including statistical analysis, to assess the law's impact on different vegetation types. While no significant changes were detected in forested areas, the findings suggest that the law may have accelerated land-use shifts, potentially threatening native ecosystems in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Saloum Delta
—
2022 —
WHEBC0E29C59E
A study on the white mullet (Mugil curema) in Senegal's Saloum Delta reveals that reproduction peaks in April, May, and June, with males reaching sexual maturity at a smaller size (220 mm) than females (226 mm). The research analyzed 406 individuals, finding a female-dominated sex ratio. Environmental parameters significantly influence reproductive timing, offering insights for sustainable fisheries management in this UNESCO World Heritage Site. Monthly sampling using surface drift nets provided data on morphometric traits and gonadal development.
Archaeological Site of Leptis Magna
—
2022 —
WHE91E46132E1
A study on the impact of emissions from the Khoms power station on Leptis Magna reveals significant concentrations of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides on the surfaces of marble columns and statues. These pollutants, resulting from the combustion of heavy fuels, light fuels, and natural gas, contribute to the erosion of ancient structures. The research utilized air dispersion software (DISPER) to model pollution levels under varying climate conditions, providing a quantitative assessment of the chemical reactions accelerating marble degradation. Findings underscore the urgent need for mitigation strategies to protect this archaeological treasure from further deterioration.
Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian
—
2022 —
WHE499024F05E
Non-uniform support settlement slightly increases the elastic global stability and elastoplastic ultimate bearing capacity of Zhoukoudian's lattice shell structure, but excessive settlement can reduce bearing capacity when initial imperfections are considered. The study used finite element analysis (ANSYS) to model geometric and material nonlinearities under varying settlement scenarios, revealing that while minor non-uniform settlements may benefit structural stability, larger displacements pose risks without significantly altering the instability path.
Mount Taishan
—
2022 —
WHE68F757AC9D
Research on Mount Taishan reveals that soil moisture regulation in forest gaps and seed size adaptability are critical factors influencing the germination and early growth of Quercus acutissima seedlings. The study found that larger seeds exhibit significantly higher emergence rates, ground diameter, biomass, and root development compared to smaller seeds. Seedlings in gap II demonstrated superior growth metrics than those under the understory (gap III), with precipitation and soil moisture playing pivotal roles in these outcomes. Correlation analysis highlighted strong positive relationships between seedling biomass and root surface area/volume, while negative correlations were observed with specific root length and surface area. These findings underscore the importance of environmental conditions and genetic traits in natural forest regeneration.
China Danxia
—
2022 —
WHE87A5215B88
Bamboo forests (BF) exhibit the strongest carbon storage capacity among vegetation types in China's Danxia landform, outperforming Chinese fir forests (CFF), evergreen broad-leaved forests (EBF), mixed conifer–broadleaf forests (MCBF), and shrublands (SH). This finding is based on a study analyzing soil organic carbon (SOC) and its labile fractions—dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and easily oxidized organic carbon (EOC)—across five vegetation restoration types. Researchers found that BF and CFF had higher SOC and EOC concentrations, while BF also led in DOC content. MBC was significantly greater in BF and EBF. Soil total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and invertase activity emerged as key drivers of carbon accumulation, with SOC and its fractions positively correlated with these factors but negatively affected by soil pH and bulk density (BD) in most cases. The study provides critical insights for ecosystem management and restoration strategies in Danxia regions.
Bale Mountains National Park
—
2022 —
WHE9C69D3BA6F
Soil properties in the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia, vary significantly with agro-climatic zones, land cover types, and habitat gradients. Research shows that lower-altitude areas with natural vegetation and interior habitats exhibit higher soil pH, organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and clay content. Conversely, farmland and edge habitats display increased sand and silt content, as well as higher bulk density. These findings underscore the critical need for conservation efforts targeting highly human-impacted ecosystems, such as grasslands in middle altitudes, ericaceous lands in higher altitudes, and moist forests in lower altitudes. The study employed stratified and systematic sampling techniques to analyze 72 soil samples across three agro-climatic zones, three land cover types, two habitat gradients, and four replications, using statistical methods including ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test.
Getbol, Korean Tidal Flats
—
2022 —
WHE8E212A78E6
A study on the Korean Tidal Flats, part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Getbol, reveals that larval trematode parasitism significantly impairs the reproductive capacity of Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum). Approximately 5.4% of the clam population was infected by three types of larval trematodes, with severe infections (heavy to very heavy) affecting about a third of these clams and potentially preventing reproduction during spawning periods. The research used histological analysis to categorize infection levels and found that heavily infected clams had significantly lower condition indices compared to uninfected ones. This highlights the detrimental impact of parasitism on economically important marine bivalves in tidal flat ecosystems.
Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands)
—
2022 —
WHE60BB26248E
Shallow hydrothermal vents in the Aeolian Islands (Mediterranean Sea) induce significant local acidification, leading to profound changes in benthic communities. Research at three depths (16, 40, and 80 meters) revealed that CO₂ emissions simplify community structure and reduce biodiversity by eliminating sensitive taxa such as kinorhynchs, turbellarians, gastropods, while favoring tolerant species like halacarids, ostracods, and oligochaetes. Acidification also caused a notable biomass decline in macrofauna, with shifts in composition driven by lower predatory pressure and increased food availability. These findings highlight the vulnerability of shallow marine ecosystems to acidification, emphasizing the need for conservation efforts at UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the Aeolian Islands.
Doñana National Park
—
2022 —
WHECA11824DC6
A significant shift in habitat use and activity patterns among European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis) in Doñana National Park, Spain, has been linked to population declines caused by virus-borne diseases. Initially, rabbits were confined to scrublands while hares occupied marshlands, with both species sharing rush and fern belt ecotones. However, following a decline in rabbit populations due to disease outbreaks between 2005–2016, hares expanded their habitat use into scrublands, previously exclusive to rabbits. This shift is attributed to reduced competition and predation pressure from the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus), a rabbit specialist, which nearly disappeared due to the decline in its primary prey. Consequently, generalist predators increased, leading both lagomorph species to adopt nocturnal activity patterns to avoid higher predation risks during the day.
Mount Taishan
—
2022 —
WHEE13E8B6998
A significant decline of 38.37% in the density of Quercus acutissima seedlings was observed between 2010 and 2017, particularly among seedlings measuring 20–40 cm in height. This reduction correlates with periods of high precipitation and soil moisture, notably in 2011 and 2013. The study found that while younger seedlings (2–4 years) exhibited no significant differences in biomass or root morphology, older seedlings (5–6 years) demonstrated greater biomass accumulation. Principal component analysis revealed that drought adaptation in these seedlings involved changes in root morphology, nonstructural carbohydrate content, and biomass allocation. These findings suggest that drought stress, combined with seedling adaptation mechanisms, plays a crucial role in the dynamics of the seedling bank under Q. acutissima plantations.
Yakushima
—
2022 —
WHEB19E15B13E
Sika deer significantly impact evergreen broad-leaved forests on Yakushima Island, Japan, with their effects varying depending on population density. Unlike findings in cooler climates, where deer typically cause severe vegetation degradation, Yakushima's unique ecosystem—characterized by high forest productivity and endemic sika deer morphology—mitigates some of these impacts. The study highlights that while deer influence forest regeneration, the relationship is more nuanced than previously understood, suggesting that deer density alone does not fully predict ecological outcomes. By analyzing spatial and temporal variations in deer populations across undisturbed forests, researchers provide new insights into how sika deer shape forest dynamics, offering a framework for studying similar systems globally.
Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries - Wolong, Mt Siguniang and Jiajin Mountains
—
2022 —
WHE2A0E536D78
Wild boar grazing significantly impacts species diversity and soil properties in coniferous-broad-leaved mixed forests of Jiajin Mountain, China. The study found that slight grazing disturbance (category III) maximizes plant diversity, with 172 vascular plant species recorded across 55 families and 117 genera. This includes the highest counts for trees, shrubs, and herbs compared to stronger or weaker disturbances. The research categorized four grazing intensities based on boar behavior and activity range, alongside a control (no disturbance). Soil physicochemical properties were also analyzed under these conditions. These findings provide critical insights for maintaining ecological stability in mixed forests, guiding scientific grazing management practices in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Kulangsu, a Historic International Settlement
—
2022 —
WHE007FD65E4F
Tourism experiences at UNESCO World Heritage Sites, such as Kulangsu, significantly enhance tourists' subjective well-being by fostering recollection and storytelling. A study involving 830 respondents from two Chinese destinations—Kulangsu and Dr Sun Yat-Sen’s Mausoleum—revealed that positive tourism experiences directly boost recollection and storytelling, which in turn positively impact well-being. While recollection alone does not directly influence well-being, storytelling serves as a crucial mediator between recollection and well-being. The findings highlight the psychological benefits of tourism, particularly through narrative engagement, and validate the robustness of this model across different sites.
Central Sikhote-Alin
—
2022 —
WHE67D0CCCD90
A large-scale windfall event caused by the Lionrock typhoon (2016) significantly altered soil carbon dynamics within the Central Sikhote-Alin. The study found that soil surface carbon emissions increased by 29% in Siberian pine forests and decreased by 25% in birch forests compared to control sites. This variation was attributed to differences in root decomposition timing: fine roots in Siberian pine forests decomposed during the measurement period, while those in birch forests had already decomposed before measurements began. The stock of fine roots declined by 20% in Siberian pine forests and 37% in birch forests post-windfall, with dead root stocks showing contrasting trends—58% higher in pine forests but 28% lower in birch forests. Additionally, windfall significantly increased soil moisture (p < 0.001). The study highlights the complex interplay between windfall events and carbon cycling, emphasizing the importance of fine roots in soil emissions.
Al-Ahsa Oasis, an Evolving Cultural Landscape
—
2022 —
WHEA5D9059B14
A study on Al-Ahsa Oasis, Saudi Arabia, identified Bacillus thuringiensis strain PDC-AHSAA1 and three Bacillus cereus strains as highly effective against the Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus), a destructive palm pest. These bacterial isolates, sourced from date palm rhizospheres, demonstrated low LC50 values, indicating strong efficacy in killing larvae and adults compared to other isolates. B. thuringiensis PDC-AHSAA1 was particularly potent, with LC50 values ranging from 4.19 × 10^7 to 3.78 × 10^9. The research also found that bacterial treatment inhibited larval growth, reducing body weight and increasing mortality rates over time. This study highlights the potential of Bacillus spp. as a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides for controlling this economically damaging pest in UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Al-Ahsa Oasis.
Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park
—
2022 —
WHE94C5042699
A political theory of 'egalitarian nationhoods' challenges objections to the Uluru Statement from the Heart's proposed Voice to Parliament, arguing that it does not create privilege but instead ensures equality and self-determination for First Nations peoples. The 2017 statement called for a constitutionally enshrined Voice, alongside a Makarrata Commission for treaty-making and truth-telling, recommendations rejected by successive Australian governments. Drawing on Chaim Gans' theory of egalitarian Zionism, this study reframes the debate, asserting that the Voice aligns with principles non-Indigenous Australians take for granted—collective rights and self-determination—rather than granting special privileges. The research employs theoretical analysis to counter misconceptions about the Voice's impact on Australia's bicameral system or its potential to divide the nation.
Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and its Natural Environment
—
2022 —
WHE96B9B177AD
In 1991, the Benedictine monks of Pannonhalma, Hungary, elected Auxiliary Bishop Asztrik Várszegi OsB as their new Archabbot, a rare instance where a bishop without pastoral jurisdiction received his own flock. This study highlights unique liturgical and ecclesiological aspects of the election process, which involved solemn vows from both clerics and lay brothers, followed by confirmation from the supreme Pontiff. The paper suggests that this model could serve as an example for future synodal processes, emphasizing the potential for greater lay involvement in selecting church leaders.
Eisinga Planetarium in Franeker
—
2022 —
WHE540E356F38
The Eisinga Planetarium, built by Eise Eisinga between 1774 and 1781, faces challenges to its authenticity due to alterations around 1900. While the ceiling and bedsteewand remain authentic, repairs and modifications—such as installing a stove and replacing windows for ventilation—have reduced the instrument's original state. Despite this, the Planetarium retains significant historical value and remains eligible for UNESCO World Heritage status. The study, based on government architect Jacobus van Lokhorst's reports, highlights the tension between preservation and necessary alterations, raising concerns about future authenticity as visitor numbers increase.
Historic Centre of Sheki with the Khan’s Palace
—
2022 —
WHEDAB85AFB5E
Environmental challenges threaten the hydrological monuments of the Sheki-Zagatala region, including rivers, lakes, and waterfalls, which are integral to its ecotourism sector. The study highlights how modern ecological issues, such as pollution and habitat degradation, significantly impact these natural landmarks. By analyzing current environmental pressures, researchers identify key threats to both biodiversity and tourism sustainability in the area. This work underscores the need for targeted conservation efforts to preserve these hydrological treasures while supporting regional economic growth.
Sewell Mining Town
—
2022 —
WHEDA206A56CE
Chile's cultural landscapes, particularly those shaped during the second half of the nineteenth century, serve as significant symbols of national identity and heritage. These landscapes reflect Chile's consolidation as a nation, its economic expansion, and the integration of diverse cultural traditions, including those of indigenous peoples like the Mapuche. The study highlights both evolving and relict cultural landscapes, such as Sewell Mining Town, which represents the decline of industrial functions but retains historical significance. It also underscores the reciprocal interaction between society and environment, emphasizing the importance of these landscapes in fostering national pride and understanding.
Qhapaq Ñan, Andean Road System
—
2022 —
WHE21D711318C
The Qhapaq Ñan, an ancient Andean road system, served as a multifaceted instrument of integration, fostering social, environmental, economic, cultural, administrative, and political cohesion across the Qollasuyu region. This study reveals that its design evolved with ritual and symbolic architecture in settled territories, reinforcing social unity. By analyzing historical sources, including Inka, Colonial, and Virreinal tambos (rest stops), the research traces the spatial and temporal evolution of the Puno–Desaguadero segment, particularly within the Urcosuyu sub-region. The findings highlight the system's grandeur, as noted by chronicler Cieza in 1556, emphasizing its role as a monumental network connecting major cities like Quito, Cusco, and Chile.
West Norwegian Fjords – Geirangerfjord and Nærøyfjord
—
2022 —
WHEACDECDA972
Historical narratives about the fading lifestyle of mountain and fjord farms in Storfjorden, particularly those by local historian Sakarias Ansok, significantly influenced public awareness and preservation efforts. His works, which documented a unique way of life on the brink of extinction, laid the groundwork for the establishment of the conservation organization 'Storfjordens Venner' in 1975 and inspired subsequent historical representations through books and TV programs. The study analyzes Ansok's distinctive approach to history-writing and its lasting impact, contrasting it with later works on the same theme. By examining historical usage and its societal effects, this research sheds light on how localized narratives can drive conservation initiatives in UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Geirangerfjord.
Acropolis, Athens
—
2022 —
WHEFA2C96B2DD
Emergency management strategies for high-visitation archaeological sites, such as the Acropolis of Athens, must prioritize reducing residual risks and improving governance to protect both visitors and staff. This study identifies key challenges posed by high visitor flows, particularly during summer, and proposes an emergency evacuation plan tailored to geodynamic and meteorological hazards. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive preparedness measures, including training programs and infrastructure interventions, to mitigate risks while preserving the monument's universal value. The research highlights that effective risk governance is crucial, not only due to the Acropolis's unique conditions but also to address broader challenges in emergency planning for culturally significant sites.
Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls
—
2022 —
WHEB911044853
Billie Melman's 'Empires of Antiquities' reveals how British imperial policies intertwined with antiquities management during the Mandate era (1914–1950), shaping the modern understanding and governance of ancient heritage in Palestine, Mesopotamia, and Egypt. The study highlights that antiquities served as a tool for internationalizing cultural patrimony under mandate systems, blending colonial agendas with local political aspirations. Melman's analysis demonstrates how archaeological practices, legal frameworks, and urban planning were used to legitimize imperial control while fostering a discourse of 'civilizational salvage.' The research employs archival documentation, legal texts, and case studies—such as biblical archaeology in Jerusalem and Mesopotamian urbanism—to critique the narrative of Western dominance in heritage conservation. It also expands the historical actors in archaeology, including women and local laborers, challenging traditional narratives of discovery.
Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape
—
2022 —
WHEDEF6A559AE
Stakeholder perspectives at the Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape World Heritage Site (MCLWHS) reveal significant challenges and opportunities for inclusive governance and sustainable development. The study highlights exclusionary practices, unequal power dynamics, and unbalanced relationships among stakeholders, particularly affecting Indigenous and Descendant Communities (IDCs). These communities demand greater inclusion in decision-making processes and equitable access to benefits derived from the site. The research employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze conservation efforts since the site's inscription, identifying key issues such as mining developments, tourism pressures, governance gaps, resource use conflicts, and infrastructural expansion. The findings underscore the need for stakeholder-driven approaches that balance conservation with development, addressing power imbalances and fostering inclusive governance frameworks.
Archaeological Site of Delphi
—
2022 —
WHED3B4B38D09
The sanctuary of Delphi stands out for its diverse stone usage, with over twenty facies identified, including both local and allochthonous stones. Unlike other sites in the Gulf of Corinth region, which predominantly used local resources, Delphi's construction involved a significant volume of imported materials such as oolitic dune from Corinth, limestone from Megara, black stones, Cycladic and Attic marbles, and various sandstones. This suggests extensive stone exchange networks in antiquity. The study employed fieldwork to inventory construction-stones and ancient quarries, combined with geological and historiographical analysis. It found that density was the primary petrophysical property influencing stone choice by Greek builders.
Burgos Cathedral
—
2022 —
WHEEE4A2DED8D
A rare set of seventeen draft chapel inventories from Burgos Cathedral, dating to 1369, offers unprecedented insight into the distribution and appearance of medieval liturgical objects across multiple altars. These records, initially dismissed as mere clerical ephemera, reveal significant details about altar dedications—some recorded for the first time—and provide snapshots of the cathedral’s side altars in the fourteenth century. The study highlights the multifaceted nature of cathedral life by examining supplemental information such as compiler names and legalistic declarations, which add narrative depth to the administrative processes underlying these inventories. This research sheds light on the practical concerns and complexities of medieval sacred spaces.
Historic Centre of Sheki with the Khan’s Palace
—
2022 —
WHEBE27391910
The Sheki-Zagatala region, home to the UNESCO-listed Historic Centre of Sheki with its Khan’s Palace, faces significant biodiversity threats that jeopardize both its ecological integrity and potential for ecotourism. Research reveals a critical decline in local flora and fauna, with numerous species already extinct or listed in regional Red Books due to habitat destruction. The study highlights how this degradation not only endangers biodiversity but also undermines sustainable tourism, which relies on the region’s unique natural heritage. To mitigate these risks, the research suggests targeted conservation measures aimed at preserving remaining ecosystems while promoting responsible ecotourism practices.
Kaziranga National Park
—
2022 —
WHEC602E7B9B0
Kaziranga National Park (KNP) hosts the world's largest population of the endangered greater Indian one-horned rhinoceros. Despite its critical role in global conservation efforts and as Assam's state symbol, this species faces persistent poaching threats. The study highlights significant gaps between policy formulation and implementation of anti-poaching measures within KNP, revealing challenges that hinder effective conservation. It examines current strategies against a backdrop of international wildlife protection frameworks and domestic policies, underscoring the need for strengthened ecological governance to safeguard this iconic species.
Teide National Park
—
2022 —
WHE2FFAC0D16C
Researchers have identified a novel bacterial species, Bosea spartocytisi, coexisting with rhizobia in root nodules of Spartocytisus supranubius in Teide National Park's volcanic soils. This discovery was made through phylogenetic, genomic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic analyses, revealing distinct genetic and biochemical traits that differentiate it from known Bosea species. Notably, the strains lack common nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes, suggesting a unique ecological role or symbiotic relationship. The study employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing, MLSA (multi-locus sequence analysis), and genome sequencing to confirm its novelty, with ANIb and dDDH values below established thresholds for species delineation.
Umm Al-Jimāl
—
2022 —
WHE5077C1113E
Researchers have uncovered novel engineering techniques used in the construction of early Byzantine churches in the Hawrān region, challenging traditional stylistic interpretations. Focusing on Julianos Church in Umm el-Jimal, Jordanthe study reveals that the apsidal zone's roofing structure was uniquely adapted to local basalt materials and seismic conditions, diverging from classical prototypes. Using historical evidence, digital 2D/3D reconstructions, and structural analysis, the team demonstrated how builders innovatively addressed material constraints while ensuring stability. This work underscores the need for a balanced approach in future reconstructions, integrating both stylistic and engineering perspectives to preserve Hawrān's ancient Christian heritage accurately.
City of Valletta
—
2022 —
WHE217E8B3BDC
Valletta, Malta's capital and the smallest city in the European Union, exemplifies a linguistic landscape where English plays a significant role, reflecting its status as an instrumental language rather than a cultural one. The study analyzes how English is strategically used in Valletta's urban environment, contrasting with its historical and cultural context. By employing a qualitative approach, including textual analysis of public signage and interviews, the research reveals that English serves pragmatic functions, such as facilitating communication and tourism, while Maltese and other languages are marginalized despite their cultural significance. This finding challenges the notion of linguistic diversity in Valletta, highlighting a disconnect between its historical identity and contemporary linguistic practices.
Haeinsa Temple Janggyeong Panjeon, the Depositories for the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks
—
2022 —
WHE8A8F5BB34F
Research confirms that the Avataṃsaka Sutra woodblocks, known as 'Suchangpan,' were engraved at least five years before the Tripitaka Koreana project began in 1237. Analysis of 35 editions revealed that two were likely 'Suchangpan' and one (the 26th edition) showed strong similarities, suggesting a direct lineage. The study also identified key characteristics distinguishing earlier woodblocks, such as the absence of hinges, rough engraving at the bottom, and an index at the volume's start. Additionally, evidence from engraver marks, woodblock shapes, and residual letters on the backside confirmed that Haeinsa Temple was a major site for Avataṃsaka Sutra engravings from the late 11th to the 13th century, with Tripitaka Koreana serving as a reprint of earlier editions.
Nan Madol: Ceremonial Centre of Eastern Micronesia
—
2022 —
WHE87F9DE1F63
This study reveals the intricate entanglement of ethnology, archaeology, and physical anthropology in the Pacific, using Nan Madol—a monumental ceremonial center in eastern Micronesia—as a case study. It demonstrates how German-speaking researchers Jan Kubary, Otto Finsch, and Paul Hambruch, operating between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, reached divergent conclusions about Nan Madol's prehistory due to disciplinary biases. Their work reflects broader colonial-era assumptions that linked physical or cultural characteristics to perceived primitiveness, influencing which theories were deemed plausible. The analysis highlights how these disciplines, though distinct, were often practiced in tandem by traveler-naturalists, missionaries, and colonial authorities, shaping the interpretation of Micronesian history.
Ibiza, Biodiversity and Culture
—
2022 —
WHEDBCAF8FDA1
Adlib Ibiza fashion, born from the hippie movement of the 1960s and 1970s, has evolved primarily as a tool for promoting tourism rather than as an independent economic sector. This study reveals that while Adlib represents a unique cultural legacy, its survival is precarious, with many small businesses collapsing upon the retirement of their founders due to their strong dependence on individual designs. Through interviews and historical analysis, researchers trace the brand's evolution from its inception in 1971 during the first Ibiza Fashion Week to its current state, suggesting a potential slow decline. The findings underscore the fragility of locally driven fashion initiatives tied to tourism development.
Fujian Tulou
—
2022 —
WHECE4D6666E7
Fujian Tulous, ancient earthen dwellings in China, demonstrate remarkable environmental adaptation that aligns with modern sustainable building principles. A study analyzing 10 non-world-heritage Tulou cases in Nanjing County revealed five key passive design strategies—thermal comfort, solar shading, natural lighting, ventilation, and waterproofing—that enhance their green performance. The research proposes conceptual design approaches for sustainable regeneration, focusing on reshaping building envelopes, reorganizing spatial layouts, and integrating innovative materials and techniques. To achieve long-term sustainability, the study emphasizes the need to balance environmental adaptation with socioeconomic and cultural considerations.
Iguaçu National Park
—
2022 —
WHE63EBF03038
A high-accuracy analysis of land use and occupation in nine watersheds of the Lower Iguaçu River reveals significant variations in environmental preservation. The Floriano River sub-basin stands out for its highest degree of conservation, followed by Silva Jardim and Gonçalves Dias, both partially or fully within Iguaçu National Park. Conversely, Monteiro and Sarandi sub-basins exhibit minimal vegetation cover, while Capanema, Cotejipe, Andrada, and Santo Antônio sub-basins show intermediate conditions. This study utilized satellite imagery with a Kappa coefficient ranging from 99.4 to 99.9%, providing a baseline for environmental planning, monitoring, and conservation efforts in this region.
Venice and its Lagoon
—
2022 —
WHE4EE12D9472
A groundbreaking study using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has uncovered spatial and seasonal patterns in the fish community of the Venice Lagoon. The research identified 62 fish taxa from 17 water samples collected over 12 months at two distinct sites, revealing clear differences between the freshwater-associated internal lagoon and the sea-associated external lagoon. Notably, the study detected the first occurrence of Oceanic puffer (Lagocephalus lagocephalus) DNA in the Venice Lagoon, suggesting a northward expansion of this species in the high Adriatic Sea. Additionally, seasonal migration trends were documented, with potential implications for ecological impacts due to temporary sea-lagoon connectivity interruptions caused by the MOSE system. This study underscores the utility of eDNA as a tool for monitoring biodiversity and assessing ecological consequences in World Heritage Sites.
Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of California
—
2022 —
WHE6D28AAABFD
Male Magnificent Frigatebirds (Fregata magnificens) breeding in Baja California Sur, Mexico, exhibit sex-biased foraging behavior by traveling farther and to more distant areas compared to females, despite both sexes targeting equally productive zones. This differential use of foraging grounds may reflect differences in parental investment, intraspecific competition, and sex-specific behavioral traits. Researchers tracked birds using GPS receivers from 2017–2019, identifying core foraging areas near the Espíritu Santo archipelago (Gulf of California) and Santa Margarita Island (Pacific Ocean), while males also foraged extensively south and north of the Baja California peninsula. These findings highlight frigatebirds as indicators of marine productivity, offering insights to expand marine protected areas by delineating critical foraging ranges. The study underscores the importance of sex-based behavioral differences in shaping foraging strategies during breeding seasons.
Wadden Sea
—
2022 —
WHEEC0BAE46A1
A study on environmental education using the UNESCO World Heritage Wadden Sea ecosystem reveals that integrating such lessons into science education significantly enhances students' connectedness with nature and environmental attitudes both short-term and long-term. The research, involving 157 students aged around 14 years, employed a pre-post design with follow-up tests to assess changes in these psychological constructs using validated scales. Statistical analysis confirmed the positive impact of thematizing the Wadden Sea in school lessons on promoting pro-environmental attitudes, highlighting its potential as an effective tool for fostering sustainability awareness among students.
Mount Huangshan
—
2022 —
WHE7CA79FD097
Environmental heterogeneity plays a pivotal role in shaping community assembly patterns and phylogenetic diversity in forest communities at Mount Huangshan, China. The study reveals that spatial variables, rather than climatic factors, are the primary drivers of biodiversity mechanisms and species coexistence. Three distinct vegetation communities exhibited varying phylogenetic structures: Community I showed weak overdispersion, while Community II displayed clustered patterns for total plants and shrubs but overdispersion for trees. Community III, on the other hand, had a clustered structure for total plants but overdispersed for trees and shrubs. These patterns were linked to spatial and climatic factors, with phylogenetic α-diversity positively correlated with species richness and phylogenetic β-diversity peaking at intermediate elevations. The findings suggest that deterministic processes may control community assembly across different vegetation regions.
