Historic Centre of Lima
—
2018 —
WHEEAF95586A0
A new architectural approach to market halls is proposed, transforming them from static commercial spaces into dynamic gastronomic and cultural hubs that enrich urban centers. By leveraging Lima's gastronomic boom, the study introduces a redesigned market concept that integrates educational activities, fosters community development, and adapts to modern societal needs. This innovative perspective goes beyond traditional market functions, offering a multifaceted experience that aligns with contemporary urban requirements while preserving historical significance.
Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea
—
2018 —
WHEA31394AD03
This study reveals how the heritagization process of Rio de Janeiro as a UNESCO World Heritage Site serves as a critical moment to interrogate the interplay between past, present, and future, particularly in relation to the city's rapid urban transformations during mega-events. By analyzing four key moments within this process, the research deciphers the temporal horizons of various actors involved, highlighting the negotiation of divergent historicity schemes and their entanglement with the timescales of urban transformation and sustainable development. The findings underscore the complex interplay between different presents at work in shaping Rio's urban landscape, offering insights into how heritage narratives are constructed and contested in dynamic urban contexts.
Studenica Monastery
—
2018 —
WHE17C584D7C4
A detailed analysis of medieval ceramics from the Studenica Monastery reveals that most vessels were locally produced using raw materials consistent with the geology of the surrounding area. The study, employing optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray powder diffraction, identified four potential imports linked to Byzantine sgraffito wares and ceramics from the Peloponnese (13th century). The findings indicate a standardized pottery production process, with cooking wares fired at 600–700°C and glazed tablewares and cooking pots fired at minimum 800–900°C. This suggests a blend of traditional skills and Byzantine artistic influences within the pottery craft circle.
Kondoa Rock-Art Sites
—
2018 —
WHE586C7FCCB8
Kisese II rockshelter, part of the UNESCO World Heritage Kondoa Rock-Art Sites in Tanzania, reveals that behavioral innovations associated with modern humans emerged gradually between 46,000 and 34,300 years ago. This study provides one of the most robust chronological sequences for East Africa using 29 radiocarbon dates on ostrich eggshell beads, showing that backed microliths and red ochre use became widespread during this period. The transition from Middle Stone Age (MSA) to Later Stone Age (LSA) lithic technologies began around 39,000 years ago, with LSA technologies fully established by the Last Glacial Maximum. These findings challenge the notion of a rapid, uniform shift in human behavior, instead highlighting regional variability and time-transgressive changes.
Takht-e Soleyman
—
2018 —
WHE0D08AC4516
Garnet amphibolites from Takht-e-Soleyman, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Iran, reveal distinct mineral chemistry and metamorphic evolution linked to tectonic processes. The study identifies pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions of approximately 6–8 kbar and 700–750°C during the metamorphic peak, suggesting subduction-related metamorphism. Mineral compositions indicate complex fluid-rock interactions, with garnet showing zoning patterns that reflect changes in pressure and temperature over time. This research provides critical insights into the tectonometamorphic history of the region, contributing to a better understanding of the geological dynamics that shaped Takht-e-Soleyman's unique landscape.
Pasargadae
—
2018 —
WHE49FFBFD8B1
A new study reveals the provenance of stones used in the construction of Pasargadae, Iran's ancient UNESCO World Heritage Site, dating back to 550–330 BCE. Researchers identified Abolverdi quarry as the source for light limestone, particularly in Cyrus the Great's tomb, while Ahmad-Beigi and Sarpaniran outcrops supplied dark limestone. Using mineralogical and geochemical analysis—including optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ICP-MS, and XRF—the team distinguished stone sources based on Sr/Fe ratios and rare-earth element concentrations. Principal component analysis confirmed these findings, offering fresh insights into the sophisticated stonework techniques of ancient Persian architecture.
Archaeological Site of Delphi
—
2018 —
WHEFD0EBA878F
Mobile augmented reality (AR) games emerge as a promising tool for engaging students with cultural heritage, particularly at open-air archaeological sites. A pilot study using the 'Oracle of Delphi app' demonstrated that location-aware AR can effectively guide secondary school students through the sacred site of Delphi, fostering playful exploration and learning about its monuments. This innovative approach addresses gaps in current literature by evaluating usability, effectiveness, and user acceptance of mobile AR in educational contexts. The research provides actionable insights for cultural heritage administrators and educators, highlighting key factors to consider when designing digital strategies for archaeological site visits. As the first such study for Delphi, it offers a model for integrating technology with heritage dissemination.
Lençóis Maranhenses National Park
—
2018 —
WHE5C176695FD
Researchers identified four Leishmania species infecting sand flies in Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil, highlighting potential risks for leishmaniasis transmission. The study found <em>Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis</em> and <em>L. (Viannia) lainsoni</em> in multiple sand fly species, including <em>Lutzomyia whitmani</em>, while <em>Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum</em> was prevalent in <em>Lutzomyia wellcomei</em> and <em>Lu. sordellii</em>. Molecular analysis of 2,190 female sand flies collected from peridomiciliary areas between September 2012 and August 2013 revealed infection rates up to 20%. These findings underscore the need for surveillance and control measures to mitigate cutaneous leishmaniasis and prevent visceral leishmaniasis outbreaks in this UNESCO-listed conservation area, a major tourist destination.
Choirokoitia
—
2018 —
WHE9C9A77C4A6
A proactive approach to assessing geo-hazards in cultural heritage sites, such as the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Choirokoitia in Cyprus, reveals that long-term monitoring can significantly enhance risk assessment and conservation planning. Unlike traditional reactive strategies, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of low-impact techniques like UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) and geodetic methods to monitor structural deformation and surrounding geological contexts. By integrating these technologies, researchers can identify potential geo-hazards early, enabling more sustainable and cost-effective conservation efforts. This case study underscores the importance of understanding the broader geological and geotechnical environment to mitigate risks and prioritize maintenance policies for heritage sites.
East Rennell
—
2018 —
WHE795531E3EE
East Rennell Island, the first natural site under customary law inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List, has shown a gradual decline in vegetation cover from 2000 to 2015, with an annual decrease of –0.0011 in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Despite this trend, 95% of the island remains undisturbed by forest cover, and the rate of change is less pronounced within the East Rennell World Heritage Site (ERWHS) compared to areas outside it. The study utilized multi-sensor and multi-temporal remote sensing data to track these changes, revealing that while potential threats like logging, mining, and agriculture persist, forest cover change outside ERWHS has remained below 15% over the studied period. The findings provide actionable insights for the Government of Solomon Islands, suggesting the integration of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) and field surveys to enhance monitoring and ensure the long-term conservation of ERWHS.
Putorana Plateau
—
2018 —
WHE5F0D9243BA
A study of cisco (Coregonus sp.) from Lake Sobachye on the Putorana Plateau reveals a strong phylogenetic relationship with the vendace (Coregonus albula). Analysis of morphological traits and mitochondrial DNA polymorphism indicates that the Lake Sobachye population shares significant genetic and structural similarities with the vendace, challenging existing hypotheses about its origin. This research provides new insights into the evolutionary history of cisco species in the region, particularly their connections to both the vendace and the least cisco.
Koutammakou, the Land of the Batammariba
—
2018 —
WHECAE0F103A2
A collaborative effort between two Togolais and a French ethnologist reveals the sacred landscapes of Koutammakou, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in northern Togo. The research uncovers the deep cultural significance of these sites, rooted in the Batammariba people's history, origins, beliefs, and their profound connection to ancestral land. Through extensive fieldwork, one author mapped out the sacred places, while another provided insightful interpretations and stunning photography, enriching the narrative with visual and textual depth. The study offers a rare glimpse into the spiritual and social fabric of this unique region, blending historical context with ethnographic detail.
Pirin National Park
—
2018 —
WHEF8FD32957D
A novel discovery of under-the-snow development in Gentiana lutea ssp. symphyandra, a priority species in Bulgaria's biodiversity monitoring system, was documented for the first time. This rare subspecies, found across five mountain ranges and four floristic regions, exhibits unique population structures, vegetation dynamics, and reproductive traits. Researchers analyzed 11 natural populations to assess spatial and age distribution, habitat preferences, and ecological roles within various phytocenoses. The study also provides conservation recommendations to safeguard this vulnerable species, which is listed in Bulgaria's highest priority category for protection.
The Persian Qanat
—
2018 —
WHEF8E2EEF84F
Recent archaeological and documentary discoveries have significantly challenged traditional views on the extent of Achaemenid imperial influence, particularly in Egypt. Contrary to long-held assumptions that Persian rule was limited to controlled enclaves along major royal routes, new evidence—including images adapted from the imperial court and re-examined documents—demonstrates a broader and more pronounced Achaemenid presence across provinces like Babylonia and Egypt. Additionally, the discovery of underground water canals (qanats) in an Achaemenid-era village has provided tangible proof of Persian engineering and administrative control over Egypt's water resources, reinforcing the empire's lasting impact on local social structures despite periods of revolt. These findings mark a paradigm shift in Achaemenid studies, emphasizing the need for a reevaluation of imperial periphery dynamics.
Architectural Ensemble of the Trinity Sergius Lavra in Sergiev Posad
—
2018 —
WHE77B7E99BEE
Newly uncovered letters and petitions from the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius, dating to the Time of Troubles (1608–1610), offer unprecedented insights into the social dynamics, linguistic norms, and daily hardships during Russia's turbulent early 17th century. These documents, found in a reconstructed archive of mercenary hetman Jan Sapieha, detail both the monastery's siege and the broader impact on noble and ordinary people. The findings enrich historical understanding by revealing formal and informal written communication practices while addressing gaps in existing knowledge about this pivotal period.
Museumsinsel (Museum Island), Berlin
—
2018 —
WHE6E5BC5C4B1
Museums, often conceptualized as isolated entities, are revealed to be dynamic and interconnected systems through innovative ethnographic research. This study challenges the notion of 'methodological containerism' by demonstrating that museums operate beyond their physical boundaries, with organizational life shaped by informal relations, uncodified activities, chance events, and feelings. Utilizing a multi-sited, multi-linked, multi-researcher ethnography on Berlin's Museum Island, the research highlights the importance of what occurs outside traditional 'containers' and how organization-ness is achieved. Through an analysis of organigrams in exhibition-making at the Museum of Islamic Art and the Ethnological Museum, the study provides insights into museum practices and broader organizational studies, emphasizing the discretion in defining containers and the complexity of organizational life.
Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork
—
2018 —
WHE7AF007228D
A newly discovered ceramic fragment from the decoration of the castle chapel portal in Althaus (Starogród), unearthed during archaeological excavations in Kulmerland, challenges previous assumptions about the role and significance of ceramic architectural sculpture in the Teutonic Order's State in Prussia. This small but significant finding suggests that such sculptures were more widespread than previously believed, not just as symbols of rank and power, but also as integral elements reflecting the 'genius loci'—the defining spirit or character—of the architecture from the first phase of construction campaigns by the Teutonic Order. The discovery, part of the project Castra Terrae Culmensis (2017), provides new insights into the types, manufacturing techniques, and layers of meaning associated with figural decorations in castles such as Marienburg (Malbork), Elbing (Elbląg), Thorn (Toruń), and Graudenz (Grudziądz). This fragment, dating to around 1300, offers a rare opportunity to revise our understanding of ceramic sculpture in this historical context.
Uvs Nuur Basin
—
2018 —
WHE08A9E2F6A4
A groundbreaking discovery reveals that the Uvs Nuur Basin, a vast arid region in southern Siberia and Central Asia, once supported extensive agriculture during the High Middle Ages. Satellite imagery uncovered dense irrigation networks and previously unknown ancient settlements, including what appears to be an ancient city surrounded by canals on the west coast of Lake Uvs Nuur. Field studies confirmed these findings, documenting remnants of irrigation systems, ruins, and settlements. Paleobotanical analysis of buried soils and peatlands identified Triticum sp. seeds, suggesting that the basin's current arid landscape was once a milder forest-steppe environment conducive to agriculture. Radiocarbon dating tentatively places the city's existence in this period, indicating a significant historical shift from pastoralism to agriculture.
Kuk Early Agricultural Site
—
2018 —
WHE4D3F0BB214
Agriculture in the Pacific Islands began with early Holocene practices centered on vegetative propagation and underground storage organs, later evolving into complex systems. Kuk Swamp in Papua New Guinea's highlands offers one of the earliest records of agricultural intensification, showing mounded cultivation around 7000–6400 cal BP and wetland drainage by 4400–4000 cal BP. Unlike other regions in Near Oceania, which focused on fruit- and nut-bearing trees, Kuk’s landscape reveals a shift toward more intensive land management. By 3250–2800 cal BP, these practices spread with Lapita pottery-bearers into the western Pacific, while later Polynesian colonization (1000–750 cal BP) introduced new crops like the sweet potato, reshaping regional agriculture.
Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove
—
2018 —
WHE758D82B63B
The Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, located along the banks of the Osun River near Osogbo, Nigeria, serves as a significant cultural and religious site, embodying the spiritual connection between the Yoruba people and their guardian deity, Osun. This grove, spanning 75 hectares, is characterized by its strict prohibitions on hunting, farming, and permanent settlements, reflecting its sacred status. The site's origin traces back to the 1950s when colonialism, Christianity, and commerce threatened its cultural coherence. A pivotal moment occurred in 1959 when Susanne Wenger, an Austrian artist and Yoruba convert, was commissioned by ritual officials to revitalize the grove, marking a turning point in its preservation and cultural significance.
Forest Research Institute Malaysia Forest Park Selangor
—
2018 —
WHE7A040042A3
Malaysian forests, including those nominated for UNESCO World Heritage status, exhibit diverse and unique Outstanding Universal Values (OUV) that highlight their significance for flora, fauna, and humanity. While Gunung Mulu National Park and Kinabalu Park are already recognized as World Heritage Sites, other Malaysian forests, such as the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Royal Belum National Park, and Gombak Selangor Quartz Ridge, have been proposed for inclusion. These forests meet at least one of the ten OUV criteria outlined in the UNESCO Operational Guidelines, underscoring their cultural or natural heritage importance. The study analyzes how different Malaysian forests fulfill these criteria, demonstrating their ecological and historical significance.
Los Alerces National Park
—
2018 —
WHE106C7E956D
A significant surge in owl populations following a rodent boom in Los Alerces National Park, Argentina, has sparked both ecological concern and human conflict. The study reveals that while 74% of respondents recognize owls as primarily rodent predators, deep-seated myths persist: 61% associate them with diabolical traits, while 13% view them as wise symbols. These perceptions drive divergent behaviors, from protection to extermination. An intercultural educational approach, integrating academic and traditional knowledge, effectively increased student interest in owl conservation. The research underscores the need for targeted environmental education and state-led conservation programs to mitigate human-owl conflicts in urban Patagonian areas.
Monuments of Oviedo and the Kingdom of the Asturias
—
2018 —
WHEA55CE0F252
The Church of San Julián de los Prados in Oviedo features unique aniconic paintings that challenge traditional understandings of medieval Iberian art. These paintings, devoid of human figures but adorned with geometric patterns and golden crosses, suggest a deliberate artistic choice influenced by the Asturian monarchy's desire to assert its authority while drawing from both Roman heritage and contemporary Mediterranean trends. The study critically examines past research, comparing these works to those in Ravenna, Thessaloniki, and Damascus, while exploring potential links to iconoclasm and 'adoptionist heresy' beliefs prevalent in 9th-century Iberia. Through a fresh analysis of historical and artistic evidence, the research sheds light on the theological and political motivations behind this distinctive body of work.
Hierapolis-Pamukkale
—
2018 —
WHEDA347082B1
A study on Pamukkale/Hierapolis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site with multiple conservation statuses, reveals that the site's visitor capacity is being exceeded, leading to environmental degradation and management challenges. Researchers found that while physical carrying capacity (PCC) exceeds current visitor numbers by only 10%, social carrying capacity (SCC) is surpassed by twice as much, indicating that perceived crowding negatively impacts visitor experience and sustainability. The study used surveys to assess PCC and SCC across different paths and seasonal conditions, confirming that overvisitation is a key factor in the site's deterioration. Recommendations include implementing measures to balance conservation and visitation while enhancing sustainability and visitor satisfaction.
Baroque Churches of the Philippines
—
2018 —
WHEDCB9C5B477
Eighteenth-century Filipino architects and stonemasons incorporated elaborate stonework depicting New World plants and animals into church façades, reflecting local aesthetics and interest in exotic flora and fauna. This architectural innovation, evident in sites like the baroque church of Miag-ao in Iloilo, serves as a visual celebration of naturalia introduced to the Philippines through commercial exchanges during Spanish colonial rule. The study examines how these representations transcend mere ornamentation, offering insights into cultural innovation and the fusion of local and imported elements in Filipino art.
Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas
—
2018 —
WHE8BB4E7C62D
The Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas stands as a testament to modernist architecture while integrating traditional Venezuelan elements. Designed by Carlos Raúl Villanueva and his team of professionals and artists, it embodies the principles of the Modern Movement and reflects the architectural evolution of its time. This study highlights the challenges in preserving such a site, which, after six decades, mirrors both the strengths and conflicts of contemporary Venezuela. The research focuses on the perspective of an architect restorer working within the site's governing body, emphasizing the complexities of conservation, knowledge advancement, and valorization of this significant cultural heritage.
Simien National Park
—
2018 —
WHEC6D0DCEBC9
A study of Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia, reveals distinct patterns in plant community formation and vegetation structure within its afro-alpine ecosystems. Researchers identified three unique plant community types, characterized by varying species richness, diversity, and evenness. The analysis highlighted Asteraceae as the most species-rich family, while Poaceae dominated the flora. Herbs constituted 90.7% of the recorded 86 species, with shrubs and trees making up smaller proportions. Population structure analysis of dominant species showed diverse patterns, emphasizing the need for tailored management strategies to sustain these communities due to habitat heterogeneity. The research employed systematic sampling across stratified mountain strata, leveraging Sorensen's similarity coefficient and Shannon-Wiener diversity index for community analysis.
Tajik National Park (Mountains of the Pamirs)
—
2018 —
WHE3035228184
Tajik National Park, located in the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan, has evolved from a Soviet-era depopulated landscape to a UNESCO World Heritage Site, reflecting complex socio-political and environmental transformations. The study reveals that post-perestroika migration in the 1980s allowed Tajik farmers and Kirghiz pastoralists to resettle the region, which was already rich in biodiversity due to decades of restricted human activity. This period marked a turning point for conservation efforts, culminating in the establishment of Tajik National Park in 1992 and its designation as a World Heritage Site in 2013. The research combines field and archival data to trace the global diffusion of protected areas, analyze the biophysical properties of the Pamirs, and assess their potential for UNESCO Biosphere Reserve status. The findings highlight the region's suitability for transboundary conservation, aligning with the Man and the Biosphere model.
Pimachiowin Aki
—
2018 —
WHECBF466CC18
A values-based framework for landscape conservation, rooted in Indigenous perspectives and intangible cultural practices, emerges as a key insight for Canada's approach to landscape management. This study contrasts Canada's unique historical and geographical context with the Historic Landscape Characterisation approach, emphasizing the importance of embedded values, knowledge, and beliefs in shaping landscapes. Two case studies—Rideau Canal (a World Heritage Site) and Pimachiowin Aki (a potential World Heritage nomination)—serve as examples to derive lessons and principles for conservation practices. The research highlights how Indigenous cultural landscapes contribute to a deeper understanding of landscape significance, offering a model that integrates both tangible and intangible heritage.
Samarra Archaeological City
—
2018 —
WHE9A5866F012
A proposed highway design for Samarra, Iraq, leverages remote sensing technology and AASHTO standards to optimize connectivity between Qadisiyah neighborhood and the UNESCO-listed Old City. The study achieved a high-capacity, low-cost road solution by minimizing junctions (two) and curves, using satellite imagery and specialized software (GIS & Civil 3D). This approach reduces traditional field survey costs while ensuring compliance with international design standards, offering a scalable model for urban infrastructure in heritage-rich areas.
Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras
—
2018 —
WHE322005BA01
A groundbreaking analysis of plant microfossils from Old Kiyyangan Village, Ifugao Province, reveals preliminary evidence for the introduction and expansion of wet-field rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation in the Philippine Cordilleras. Pollen, phytolith, and starch analyses of 12 sediment samples date human activity to approximately 810–750 cal. b.p., with the first rice remains appearing around 675 cal. b.p. A significant increase in these remains after 530–470 cal. b.p. suggests a late expansion of rice cultivation, corroborating previous studies. This study provides the initial sediment-derived ancient starch and phytolith evidence for Oryza sativa in the Philippines, offering new insights into the agricultural history of this UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Archaeological Site of Atapuerca
—
2018 —
WHE97E950C951
A new analysis of the Arlanzón valley's Pleistocene geodynamic evolution reveals that tectonic uplift accelerated incision rates, shaping the valley's fluvial terraces and influencing the formation of sub-horizontal cave levels in the Sierra de Atapuerca. This study links three key cave levels (T2, T3, and T4/T5) to specific terrace elevations, suggesting rapid phreatic passage development compared to slower vadose entrenchments. The research also highlights how the exhumation of a Neogene limestone layer provided Neanderthals with accessible flint sources during MIS 3 and 4. By integrating LiDAR-derived terrace heights and chronological data, the study reconstructs downcutting phases, offering insights into the valley's complex geological history and its archaeological significance.
Saint Catherine Area
—
2018 —
WHEBA3F375957
A groundbreaking study reveals the macro-and micro-morphological characteristics of seeds and pollen grains from 12 endemic plant taxa in Saint Catherine, South Sinai, Egypt. Eight seed types and three pollen morphologies are described for the first time, providing critical insights into the unique biodiversity of this UNESCO World Heritage Site. Researchers employed light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze seed shape, color, size, surface texture, epidermal cell structure, and pollen features such as shape, size, apertures, and exine ornamentation. This detailed morphological analysis enhances our understanding of the region's endemic flora and contributes valuable data for conservation efforts.
Forest Massif of Odzala-Kokoua
—
2018 —
WHE09ACED2D65
A study in Odzala-Kokoua National Park, Republic of Congo, provides the first robust density estimates for servals (Leptailurus serval) in Central Africa, with densities ranging from 7.7 to 9.8 individuals per 100 km². The research used camera-trapping over eight months, capturing 51 individuals, predominantly the servaline morph characterized by small 'freckled' spots. Analysis revealed distinct activity patterns between males and females, with males being largely nocturnal while females were mainly diurnal, likely influenced by the presence of spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta). The study also highlights the importance of incorporating individual and trap placement covariates to improve precision in density estimates for future research.
Ujung Kulon National Park
—
2018 —
WHEF18BB8EBD7
A critically endangered tree species, kokoleceran (Vatica bantamensis), found exclusively in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), Indonesia, faces severe population decline due to habitat loss and invasive species. Research using adaptive cluster sampling identified 280 individuals concentrated in Mount Payung, with only 20% mature, indicating an inverse-J-shaped population structure. The species' area of occupancy is estimated at 8 km², highlighting its extreme vulnerability. The invasive langkap palm (Arenga obtusifolia) poses the greatest threat, necessitating urgent conservation intervention to prevent further decline and potential extinction.
Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo
—
2018 —
WHE940C3F3EB1
A comprehensive two-volume work by Alfredo Castillero Calvo sheds new light on Portobelo and San Lorenzo, revealing their pivotal role in the Spanish imperial trade system from the 16th to 19th centuries. The study demonstrates that despite the decline of the Galeones trade after 1664, Portobelo remained a critical hub for transisthmian commerce, defense, and urban life, with its fortifications playing a key role in deterring foreign invasions, such as Edward Vernon's failed 1742 assault. Castillero Calvo's exhaustive analysis, based on original research from Spanish archives, explores the evolution of Portobelo's defenses, military finance, and societal dynamics, while contextualizing Panama's place within broader Spanish American history. The work also highlights the resilience of local elites in commerce and their shifting economic dependence post-fairs.
Island of Gorée
—
2018 —
WHE6AE07B4E67
A nuanced portrait of Gorée Island, Senegal (1758–1837), reveals its role as a diverse, multicultural trading hub that predates modern globalism. Through architectural analysis, archival documents, and anecdotal evidence, the study challenges grand historical narratives by centering on ordinary lives—including those of signares, Europeans, free blacks, and slaves—exposing complex social dynamics and identities. It also debunks misconceptions about Gorée's role in the transatlantic slave trade while highlighting its architectural evolution post-disasters (e.g., fire, yellow fever). The research employs cartography, material culture studies, and postcolonial theory to critique dominant historical perspectives, offering a humanized alternative that questions official narratives.
Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow
—
2018 —
WHE92254C7ABD
The toponym 'Red Square' embodies 16 distinct semantic meanings, serving as both a political symbol and a cultural marker in Russian discourse. This study reveals its layered significance—ranging from denotative to connotative and associative—highlighting how its interpretation varies between native and non-native speakers of Russian. Using continuous sampling from the Russian National Corpus, fiction, oral speech, and internet resources, researchers applied semantic analysis to identify its core meanings (semes). The findings underscore Red Square's role as a precedent toponym, deeply rooted in Russian cultural competence, while also functioning as a global symbol of state power for foreign language learners. This research bridges linguistic analysis with political symbolism, offering insights into how place names evolve in meaning across cultures.
Island of Gorée
—
2018 —
WHE845138EFC0
Gorée Island, Senegal's first UNESCO World Heritage Site, serves as a contentious yet significant forum for global tourism, particularly for the African diaspora. The site, renowned for its architecture and monuments linked to the Atlantic slave trade, faces ongoing debates about preservation and policy compliance. A study by Thiaw and Wait (2018) reveals ambiguous attitudes among stakeholders toward heritage presentation, suggesting these may stem from subjective biases or hypocrisy rather than effective communication strategies by professionals. The research analyzes stakeholder perspectives on archaeology and heritage to understand their consumption and potential destruction of the site. This highlights the need for coordinated efforts in heritage management to address conflicting narratives and ensure responsible preservation.
Sacred City of Kandy
—
2018 —
WHE8ACAE1CB38
A comprehensive 3D-scanning documentation of the Sri Dalada Maligawa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and pivotal Buddhist pilgrimage center, reveals critical vulnerabilities to environmental threats such as earthquakes and monsoon rains, as well as human-induced risks like terrorist attacks. The study employed Terrestrial-Laser-Scanning (TLS) and Structured-Light-Scanning (SLS) to create high-resolution CAD plans, point cloud visualizations, orthoimages, and virtual walkthroughs, addressing the lack of accurate documentation for this culturally significant temple. This approach not only preserves architectural details but also enables detailed analysis for conservation strategies, leveraging noninvasive digital technologies to safeguard cultural heritage against degradation.
Central Suriname Nature Reserve
—
2018 —
WHED2242661BF
A new study reveals that Harpy Eagles (Harpia harpyja), the largest eagles on Earth, have a diverse diet in primary forests of the Central Suriname Nature Reserve, including nine previously unrecorded prey species. These apex predators, known for their ecological significance, frequently target game animals such as large primates and birds alongside sloths, which were traditionally considered their staple prey. The research, combining field observations with a review of existing literature, identifies 102 prey species in total, providing critical insights into the autecology of Harpy Eagles in Neotropical forests. This information underscores the ecological role of apex predators and highlights the importance of preserving primary forest habitats to sustain their populations.
Bolgar Historical and Archaeological Complex
—
2018 —
WHE97C543C103
A comprehensive interdisciplinary study of the Bolgar Historical and Archaeological Complex was conducted through the 8th International Scientific Conference held in 2018. The research focused on the dialogue between urban and steppe cultures within the Eurasian space, particularly examining the Mongol Empire and Golden Horde's influence on material culture and technological advancements. A key aspect of the study involved a systematic analysis of Bolgar settlement, supported by the Bolgar Archaeological Expedition, which delved into the continuity of medieval cultural traditions and the establishment patterns of urban settlements in steppe Eurasia. The findings were part of a broader project investigating the ancient towns of Bolgar and Sviyazhsk from 2010 to 2018, providing significant insights into the historical geography and topographical characteristics of these regions.
Hwaseong Fortress
—
2018 —
WHE312FB48CF9
Suwon City's social media strategy, particularly on Facebook, proved effective in promoting Hwaseong Fortress, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in South Korea. The study analyzed network features, subordinate features, and semantic features from 2015 to 2017, revealing dynamic changes in promotion patterns over time. Key findings suggest that leveraging social media can significantly enhance public engagement with cultural heritage sites. The research provides actionable insights for refining promotional strategies, emphasizing the importance of adaptive content and network analysis in heritage site management.
Historic Centre of Lima
—
2018 —
WHE3E4D73A0BE
A structured approach to assessing seismic vulnerability in Lima's historic churches, part of the UNESCO-listed Historic Centre of Lima, has been proposed. This method combines a general diagnosis of urban and building issues with a preliminary survey to evaluate structural conditions, aiming to enhance earthquake safety. The study serves as a foundational framework for detailed investigations into preserving these heritage buildings, with potential applications beyond Lima to other historic cities in Peru. By establishing guidelines for vulnerability evaluation, the research contributes to broader efforts in urban security and conservation.
Old Towns of Djenné
—
2018 —
WHE51B7393D8C
A critical analysis reveals that the protection of Djenné's architectural heritage, despite its UNESCO World Heritage status, has been undermined by a lack of coordinated strategy and widespread ignorance among key stakeholders. The study highlights how international and national interventions over two decades have often disregarded the constraints imposed by the site's designation, while decision-makers, funders, and local professionals exhibit a declining awareness of both the cultural value of Djenné's architecture and the technical expertise required for its preservation. This neglect has contributed to the town's inclusion on the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2016. The research underscores the urgent need for education and sensitization efforts to empower various actors, enabling them to make informed political and technical decisions that safeguard this irreplaceable heritage.
Provins, Town of Medieval Fairs
—
2018 —
WHE4C8FE8B1D4
Provins exemplifies effective cultural heritage management by preserving and revalorizing its medieval architecture and urban layout. The town, founded in the early medieval period and flourishing as a prominent fair town in the 12th and 13th centuries, boasts well-preserved monuments such as defensive walls, the Cesar tower, churches, and residential relics. Recognized by UNESCO in 2001, Provins serves as a model for other historic towns, demonstrating how authorities can fulfill obligations to maintain, protect, and educate communities about heritage conservation. This study highlights Provins' successful approach, offering insights into best practices for cultural heritage management.
Virunga National Park
—
2018 —
WHE1EC98B2DC3
Virunga National Park, located in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), exemplifies the complex interplay between conservation efforts and conflict dynamics. Research reveals that while transnational actors have increased their influence over park management, this has not strengthened state authority but instead contributed to a 'state within a state' phenomenon. The militarization of conservation in Virunga, often seen as extending state control, actually fosters extra-state territorialization practices. This challenges conventional notions of state authority and suggests that the intersection of conservation and territorialization should be analyzed through the lens of public authority rather than preconceived state frameworks.
Ancient City of Polonnaruwa
—
2018 —
WHEA7F39061D1
A realistic virtual reality (VR) application, 'Porawalokanaya,' has been developed to digitally preserve and experience the ancient city of Polonnaruwa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Sri Lanka. The application leverages advanced 3D modeling techniques using Autodesk Maya and Mudbox to capture intricate architectural details, combined with natural environments for an immersive experience. Built on the Unity platform with C# scripting, 'Porawalokanaya' offers users interactive exploration, narration, and a mini-map, simulating real-world visits. This innovative approach demonstrates how technology can effectively preserve and present prestigious heritage sites, bridging gaps between historical preservation and modern digital experiences.
Koh Ker: Archaeological Site of Ancient Lingapura or Chok Gargyar
—
2018 —
WHE051627DEB4
Palaeoecological and geoarchaeological evidence reveals that Koh Ker, Cambodia, remained occupied by its domestic population for several centuries after the royal court relocated to Angkor in the 10th century. This challenges the long-held assumption that the city's abandonment by the elite marked the end of its occupation. The study employed multi-proxy environmental reconstructions—including sediment analysis and plant remains—to trace human activity and land use patterns, demonstrating their persistence well beyond the documented political shifts. These findings underscore the value of integrating palaeoecological data to refine our understanding of Khmer urban dynamics during the Angkor period.
Aachen Cathedral
—
2018 —
WHEBF75652D72
Spatial compression techniques enable users to traverse larger virtual environments than their physical tracking area allows, enhancing the immersive experience of Virtual Reality (VR). This demo showcases ongoing research by demonstrating real walking through a detailed model of Aachen Cathedral within a room-sized tracking space. By addressing the mismatch between VR tracking limits and virtual environment size, this approach preserves the natural intuitiveness of walking while expanding exploration capabilities in VR applications.
