World Heritage Research: Browse Publications: Page 433

Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek — 2016 — WHE7172865A72

Researchers have identified a previously unrecognized bumblebee species, Bombus(Alpinobombus) kluanensis, from the subarctic mountains of the Yukon and Alaska. This discovery, made through analysis of Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I barcodes, challenges traditional morphological identification methods and highlights the cryptic diversity in this region. The species is associated with the Denali Fault, spanning from the Alaska Range to Kluane in the Saint Elias Mountains, with 247 female specimens documented so far. The study also provides a global checklist of the subgenus Alpinobombus, contributing significantly to our understanding of bumblebee biodiversity in subarctic ecosystems.

Cultural Heritage and Collaborative Urban Regeneration: The Sansevero Chapel Museum for the Historic Centre of Naples

Historic Centre of Naples — 2016 — WHE92897083EC

The Sansevero Chapel Museum in Naples demonstrates that cultural heritage can drive effective urban regeneration without the pitfalls of museification or gentrification. Since the 1990s, the museum has actively engaged with stakeholders and local communities, notably supporting the 'Corpo di Napoli' initiative, to revitalize its historic surroundings while preserving its identity. This collaborative approach contrasts with traditional models that often lead to displacement or loss of cultural authenticity. The study highlights a successful model for balancing heritage preservation with urban development, offering insights applicable to other degraded historic centers.

Cultural Interpretation toward Sustainability: A Case of Mount Kinabalu

Kinabalu Park — 2016 — WHEF2CC0CD1C4

Visitors to Kinabalu Park, including climbers, exhibit limited knowledge of the mountain's indigenous cultural values, despite recognizing its sacredness. While they appreciate the scientific and historical aspects more deeply, dissatisfaction with current cultural interpretation efforts is evident, particularly regarding exhibit centers' insufficient coverage. Enhanced cultural interpretation could foster greater respect for indigenous traditions, deepen environmental awareness, and promote sustainable behavior among visitors. The study recommends improved visitor education to bridge this gap, leveraging cultural insights to strengthen conservation efforts.

Current Situation and Impact of Tourism Development in Luang Prabang, Laos

Town of Luang Prabang — 2016 — WHED8A30748D4

Tourism development in Luang Prabang, Laos, has significantly increased since its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995, yet it poses both economic and social challenges. While tourism brings substantial benefits to the local population, it also risks negative impacts on the community's socioeconomic stability. The study highlights the need for careful management to ensure that tourism preserves Luang Prabang's natural beauty, historical significance, and cultural heritage without causing overall harm. Conducted through an analytical and descriptive approach using secondary data, the research underscores the importance of government attention in balancing tourism growth with heritage preservation.

Current status of ‘ghaf trees’ Prosopis cineraria (sw.) D.c. in the State of Qatar

Al Zubarah Archaeological Site — 2016 — WHE31D26EEE90

A critical decline in the native 'ghaf' tree, Prosopis cineraria, threatens its survival in Qatar's hyper-arid ecosystems. The species, already endangered by overgrazing and environmental stress, faces further competition from the invasive Prosopis juliflora. Research identified only three surviving populations—totaling 25 trees—across Qatar, with one site (Rawdat Makin) showing rapid invasion by P. juliflora and a 40% decline in native vegetation over five years. Seeds from the most stable population exhibited high viability (98% germination post-scarification), enabling conservation efforts through Qatar's gene bank. The study recommends immediate removal of invasive species to protect remaining P. cineraria stands, supported by regulatory action from Qatar’s Ministry of Municipality and Environment.

Cycles of seismic activity in the second half of the holocene in the Western Caucasus and their correlation with stages of civilization development: A case study of the upper reach of the Mzymta River

Western Caucasus — 2016 — WHE7797A9FD69

Strong seismic activity in the Western Caucasus, particularly along the upper reach of the Mzymta River, occurred in distinct cycles during the late Holocene—specifically around 3100–4000 and 700–1200 years ago. These periods of intense earthquakes, linked to mudflows and rockslides, coincided with phases of human abandonment in the region. Paleoseismological data, combined with archaeological evidence, reveals a correlation between tectonic disasters and shifts in civilization development, offering new insights into seismic hazard assessment and the chronology of human settlement in the area.

Dame Kathleen Kenyon

Ancient Jericho/Tell es-Sultan — 2016 — WHE7102211411

Dame Kathleen Kenyon's groundbreaking work at UNESCO World Heritage Site Ancient Jericho/Tell es-Sultan uncovered the oldest known city, revealing remarkable artifacts like plastered skulls. Her innovative stratigraphic trenching method, developed with Sir Mortimer Wheeler, became a cornerstone of archaeological practice, widely adopted for over half a century. Beyond Jericho, she made significant contributions to understanding ancient Jerusalem and the City of David, as well as participating in the historic all-woman excavation at Great Zimbabwe. This biography by Miriam Davis not only highlights her professional achievements but also delves into her lesser-known personal life, from her upbringing as the daughter of a British Museum director to her solitary retirement in Wales.

Dance It, Film It, Share It

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) — 2016 — WHE710EB67E11

A flash mob event at Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) in Mumbai, featuring Bollywood dance, revealed implicit political meanings through the intersection of live performance, popular culture, and new media. This study highlights how such community-based performances, designed for online circulation, serve as embodied and mediated civic spaces without explicit political claims. By analyzing the CST flash mob within broader Bollywood dance scholarship, it demonstrates the global proliferation and fandom-driven nature of these events, emphasizing their potential to foster civic engagement through digital sharing.

Data Integration Acquired from Micro-UAV and Terrestrial Laser Scanner for the 3D Mapping of Jesuit Ruins of São Miguel das Missões

Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis: San Ignacio Mini, Santa Ana, Nuestra Señora de Loreto and Santa Maria Mayor (Argentina), Ruins of Sao Miguel das Missoes (Brazil) — 2016 — WHEBCFFE2FCA6

A high-precision, sub-25 mm accurate 3D reconstruction of the Jesuit ruins at São Miguel das Missões—one of the best-preserved UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Brazil—has been achieved through an innovative integration of micro-UAV (both rotary and fixed-wing) and terrestrial laser scanning (LiDAR) data. This groundbreaking mapping approach, combining multiple sensors including Asctec Falcon 8, Sensefly e-Bee, Faro Focus 3D S-120, and Optec ILRIS, enables comprehensive documentation of the site's architectural features with unprecedented completeness. The study, conducted by researchers from IPHAN and other institutions, provides a robust geographic database to support heritage management efforts, offering new insights into the preservation challenges and historical significance of these 18th-century Guaraní missions.

Dating the Old English Poem 'Durham'

Durham Castle and Cathedral — 2016 — WHE50A2406850

A critical reassessment of the dating of the Old English poem 'Durham' challenges long-standing assumptions about its composition period. The study argues that the poem likely predates 1104, contrary to previous claims that it was written after the translation of St Cuthbert's relics into Durham Cathedral. This conclusion is supported by a combination of documentary, linguistic, and archaeological evidence, which undermines arguments for a post-1104 date. The research also highlights the significance of Symeon of Durham's allusion to the poem in his 'Libellus de exordio,' suggesting that the poem was an established text inherited by the monks rather than a recent creation. Additionally, the study strengthens O'Donnell's independent findings while addressing gaps and engaging with subsequent scholarship, including Evan's work, which appeared after O'Donnell's article was published.

De arqueología menorquina: Maria Lluïsa Serra Belabre y los círculos talayóticos de Sant Vicenç d’Alcaidús (Alaior, Menorca).

Talayotic Menorca — 2016 — WHE510EA7594B

Maria Lluïsa Serra Belabre's pioneering research on Talayotic architecture, particularly at Sant Vicenç d'Alcaidús (Alaior, Menorca), offers key insights into the architectural forms of prehistoric island communities. Her work, based on extensive field studies and archival analysis, challenges conventional interpretations by proposing novel theories about Talayotic housing structures. Serra's meticulous approach, combining on-site investigations with historical documentation, provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the socio-cultural dynamics of prehistoric Menorca. This study underscores the significance of Sant Vicenç d'Alcaidús as a critical site for interpreting broader patterns in Balearic island archaeology.

De la ruche-tronc à la ruche à cadres : ethnoécologie historique de l’apiculture en Cévennes

The Causses and the Cévennes, Mediterranean agro-pastoral Cultural Landscape — 2016 — WHE53279C9193

A historical ethnoecological study of beekeeping practices in the Cévennes region of France reveals that traditional trunk hives, used with local black bees, persisted until the 1970s before shifting to modern frame hives and hybridized bee races. This transition marked a shift from subsistence-level, landscape-integrated apiculture to a production-focused industry. The research, combining archival records, scientific literature, and oral testimonies, provides evidence of trunk hive use as early as the 17th century and contextualizes how social and economic changes drove this transformation. These findings highlight the need for balanced conservation strategies that reconcile the cultural heritage of traditional apiculture with modern economic development in UNESCO-listed agro-pastoral landscapes.

Debatable Peaks and Contested Valleys: Englishness and the Dolomite Landscape Scenery

The Dolomites — 2016 — WHEC2B00046FA

The Dolomites were shaped by 19th-century English travelers who elevated their unique mountain forms into aesthetic symbols while overshadowing the region's contested cultural narratives. This study reveals how the 'bizarre' peaks were appropriated through an English gaze, transforming them into sublime abstractions of landscape space, while valleys were reduced to picturesque cultural places. The research employs historical analysis and critical discourse to examine how this foreign perspective contributed to obscuring the Dolomites' complex borderland identity, despite their globalized heritage status.

Debris flow susceptibility mapping using a qualitative heuristic method and Flow-R along the Yukon Alaska Highway Corridor, Canada

Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek — 2016 — WHE004932E862

Research identifies effective methods for mapping debris flow susceptibility along the Yukon Alaska Highway Corridor (YAHC), aiding risk reduction for infrastructure. Two models—qualitative heuristic and Flow-R—were validated using landslide inventories, with the former showing strong correlation in northern regions and the latter successfully capturing known events despite initial parameter uncertainties. The study highlights the potential of these approaches to predict debris flow risks, particularly in areas like Kluane Lake where historical blockages have disrupted transportation.

Deer herbivory affects the functional diversity of forest floor plants via changes in competition‐mediated assembly rules

Shiretoko — 2016 — WHE7A42F1B78D

Deer herbivory significantly impacts the functional diversity of forest floor plants by altering competition-mediated assembly processes, leading to distinct ecological outcomes depending on grazing intensity. Research in Shiretoko National Park, Japan, revealed that while overgrazing increases species richness and diversity due to stochastic assembly processes, deer exclusion results in competitive dominance by a few superior plant species, reducing biodiversity and promoting biotic homogenization. The study highlights the importance of balancing deer herbivory for maintaining ecological processes and biodiversity, cautioning against complete exclusion through fencing.

Demographic Change and Ethnic Survival Among the Sedentary Populations on the Jesuit Mission Frontiers of Spanish South America, 1609–1803: The Formation and Persistence of Mission Communities in a Comparative Context, written by Robert H. Jackson

Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos — 2016 — WHE8D316E3C5A

Research reveals that Jesuit missions in Paraguayan Chiquitos and the Río de la Plata experienced epidemic-driven demographic crises similar to virgin-soil epidemics, with mortality rates reaching 60% during smallpox outbreaks. Unlike endemic diseases, these epidemics struck every 15–20 years, leaving populations vulnerable due to low immunity. Jackson identifies three key factors enabling population recovery: stable social structures, balanced gender ratios, and high birth rates (2.2% annually), which surged post-epidemic. The study triangulates archaeological evidence, mission records, and census data to analyze trends across seven missions, highlighting unique patterns like those in Los Santos Mártires del Japón. This work challenges assumptions about epidemic impacts and offers comparative insights into mission demographics in Spanish South America.

Demographic transition, immigration, gentrification: Unravelling early signs of re‐urbanisation in a European city

Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura — 2016 — WHE9498163937

Rome is experiencing complex and non-linear population dynamics, signaling early signs of re-urbanization. This study reveals that the city's demographic growth or decline between 2006 and 2015 was driven by distinct population groups: unmarried and divorced native residents, traditional families, and non-native residents. Non-native populations and unmarried natives increased in both historic and suburban areas, while native populations declined in consolidated urban districts, preferred by married couples. These trends highlight the role of gentrification, immigration, and economic re-polarization in shaping Rome's population distribution. The findings underscore the importance of social segregation processes in urban expansion policies.

Demonstration in Moscow [1918 or 1919?]

Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow — 2016 — WHE9F34A7B110

A black and white photograph from the Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow, captures a historical demonstration, offering insights into early 20th-century political movements. The image, dated ambiguously to either 1918 or 1919, features banners with partially legible text, including 'Proletarians of all countries' and references to an 'All-Russian Union,' suggesting a significant political gathering during the post-revolutionary period in Russia. The photograph, measuring 18 x 24 cm, is part of a collection from the History Museum (now the State Historical Museum), providing a visual record of this pivotal era. The study highlights the challenges of interpreting historical documents and images due to partial obscuration or unclear text, underscoring the importance of meticulous analysis in reconstructing past events.

Demythologizing the Luther Myths 1883–1983

Wartburg Castle — 2016 — WHEBBF486508A

Modern Luther research has significantly revised long-standing myths about the Reformer's life, challenging narratives established during his 400th-anniversary celebrations in 1883. The study examines pivotal events—such as the lightning strike at Stotternheim, the 95 Theses, the Diet of Worms, Luther’s exile at Wartburg Castle, and the Peasants' War—by comparing historical accounts with contemporary scholarly perspectives. This re-evaluation reveals how Luther’s legacy has been reinterpreted over a century, offering new insights into his influence on the Reformation and its broader implications.

Dependence of the endangered arboreal snail Satsuma (Luchuhadra) eucosmia eucosmia (Camaenidae) on Ficus (Moraceae) trees as its main habitat

Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island — 2016 — WHECD4DEA017A

Ficus trees, particularly Ficus virgata and Ficus ampelas, serve as critical habitat resources for the endangered arboreal snail Satsuma (Luchuhadra) eucosmia eucosmia. This study confirmed that snails are disproportionately found in quadrats with Ficus trees and on established F. virgata and F. ampelas, despite these species not being the most dominant. The research employed quadrat surveys to compare shell density between Ficus-occupied and non-Ficus areas, as well as belt transects to assess live snail abundance relative to tree crown width across six Ficus species. While the findings reinforce the snail's dependence on Ficus trees, gaps remain in understanding its nocturnal and seasonal resource usage patterns.

Deriving Topics for Safety of Folk Villages Following Scope and Content of ICT-Based DPD

Historic Villages of Korea: Hahoe and Yangdong — 2016 — WHE54B9C40F3D

A novel Disaster Prevention Design (DPD) framework, integrating ICT-based solutions, has been proposed to enhance the safety of folk villages, including UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Andong Hahoe. The study introduces an integrated monitoring and management system for structural safety, alongside a standardized signage system tailored to regional disaster risks—floods in Korea and earthquakes in Japan. Leveraging deep learning simulations, researchers developed a water-level expectation model applied to Hahoe village, demonstrating the potential of big data-driven disaster prevention. The approach transcends traditional design paradigms by focusing on human-oriented, convergence-based solutions that address complex future societal challenges.

Described, Inscribed, Written Off: Heritagisation as (Dis)connection

Citadel of the Ho Dynasty — 2016 — WHE43F18CE0B5

Heritagisation of the Citadel of the Hồ Dynasty, inscribed by UNESCO in 2011, has exacerbated tensions between conservation efforts and local livelihoods. The study reveals a complex conflict involving district authorities, heritage management agencies, and local residents, highlighting how conservation regulations clash with existing land-use practices. While UNESCO's inscription aims to protect the site, it imposes restrictions that disrupt local lives without adequate enforcement or compensation mechanisms. The research exposes power struggles between government agencies, underscoring the challenges of balancing heritage preservation with social equity in post-socialist Vietnam.

Description of Mesocriconema ericaceum n. sp. (Nematoda: Criconematidae) and notes on other nematode species discovered in an ericaceous heath bald community in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA

Great Smoky Mountains National Park — 2016 — WHEFF775E3B97

Researchers have identified a new species of nematode, Mesocriconema ericaceum, within the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. This discovery was made through DNA barcoding and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed distinct morphological and genetic traits distinguishing it from related species like M. xenoplax. The study also documented three additional nematode species—Ogma seymouri, Criconema loofi, and Criconema cf. acriculum—each with unique geographic distributions, suggesting potential biogeographic connections across coastal and boggy ecosystems. These findings contribute to the understanding of terrestrial soil nematode diversity and distribution patterns.

Design in process, multidisciplinarity and synergy: Key issues of the structural restoration of Daphni Monastery

Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of Chios — 2016 — WHE8118D66FB0

Severe structural damage to the fortified Daphni Monastery, a significant middle-Byzantine monument, necessitated large-scale restoration following the 1999 Athens earthquake. The study highlights the critical role of multidisciplinary collaboration and innovative materials in addressing the complex pathology of the site, which included the Katholikon, its mural mosaics, cells, fortification walls, and archaeological ruins. A Directorate for Technical Research on Restoration was established to conduct thorough investigations, implement pilot applications, and train personnel in advanced restoration techniques. The approach underscores the importance of synergy among disciplines to ensure effective conservation and structural stability of historic monuments.

Designing New Hanbok for infants and children by using the constellations found on the murals from Goguryeo Tombs

Complex of Koguryo Tombs — 2016 — WHEEE41622490

Researchers have successfully developed innovative Hanbok designs for infants and children, drawing inspiration from constellations depicted on the murals of Goguryeo Tombs. The study identified four key constellations—Bukdu Chilseong (the Big Dipper), Namdu Yukseong (six stars of Sagittarius), Samtae Yukseong (three stars aligned near the Big Dipper), and a combination of Bukdu Chilseong and Namdu Yukseong—that symbolize lifespan, vitality, fortune, and happiness. These constellations were translated into textile patterns for children's clothing, with a focus on functionality and comfort. The resulting Hanbok suits maintain traditional forms while incorporating shorter pants and skirts to accommodate daily wear. This approach bridges traditional Korean aesthetics with modern practicality, offering a culturally rich yet functional alternative for young children.

Desorption isotherms and isosteric heat of 'cajuzinho-do-cerrado' achenes

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2016 — WHE57423C3733

Researchers determined that the Copace model best represents the hygroscopicity of 'cajuzinho-do-cerrado' achenes (Anacardium humile St. Hil.), with an integral isosteric heat of desorption ranging from 2,734.82 to 2,548.49 kJ kg-1 for moisture content between 4.51 and 13.40 (% d.b.). The study involved collecting achenes from Emas National Park in Brazil, drying them under controlled conditions, and analyzing their desorption isotherms at temperatures of 10, 20, 30, and 40 °C using the indirect static method. This finding provides critical data for understanding the moisture adsorption behavior of this Cerrado species, which could have implications for its conservation and utilization in protected areas like Emas National Park.

Despre temple, hambare şi arheologia ritualului / About Temples, Granaries and the Archaeology of Ritual

Dacian Fortresses of the Orastie Mountains — 2016 — WHEFADFE223E3

A critical reassessment of the terminology and interpretation of Dacian fortress architecture, particularly the 'murus Dacicus,' reveals its Hellenistic origins rather than indigenous development. The study argues that this term, a post-World War II archaeological construct, exaggerates local contributions while acknowledging Greek influence. Additionally, it challenges the classification of certain structures in Sarmizegetusa Regia as temples, proposing instead their use as granaries based on secular artifacts found within. However, the presence of a monumental altar nearby suggests a ritualistic context, advocating for a nuanced approach to interpreting sacred and profane functions in Iron Age Dacian sites.

Destination branding: a case study of national parks in Montenegro

Durmitor National Park — 2016 — WHEFB9CDEB258

Montenegro's national parks, including Durmitor National Park, hold significant potential for diversifying tourism offerings beyond traditional forms. A study reveals that strategic destination branding can enhance the development of these parks by integrating market research, identity and image creation, and continuous evaluation. The approach emphasizes the importance of a cohesive branding strategy that spans from initial planning to long-term monitoring, ensuring alignment with global tourism trends. This method is particularly relevant for national parks, which are increasingly recognized as key destinations for various forms of tourism, including recreational, water-based, and winter sports. The findings highlight the need for a systematic approach to branding to maximize the economic and cultural benefits of Montenegro's natural heritage.

Detection Trend of Helminth Eggs in the Strata Soil Samples from Ancient Historic Places of Korea

Gyeongju Historic Areas — 2016 — WHE84B1E59B18

Researchers have uncovered significant evidence of ancient helminth egg contamination in urban soil samples from historical sites in Korea, including the Gyeongju palace moat and other Silla-era locations. The study reveals that high-density populations in ancient cities were associated with severe parasitic infections, unlike rural areas. This pattern suggests a plausible mechanism for parasite spread in densely populated urban settings during the Joseon and Baikje periods. The findings are based on paleoparasitological analysis of soil strata from multiple archaeological sites, providing insights into historical health conditions and the impact of urbanization on parasitism.

Deterioration patterns of building limestone in the Septimius Severus family Temple in the Romain ruins of Djemila Algeria

Djémila — 2016 — WHEC03B31CF57

Rain-dry cycles combined with thermal gradients are the primary drivers of limestone weathering in the Septimius Severus family temple at Djemila, Algeria. This study identifies that intrinsic factors such as limestone petrography and porosity, along with environmental moisture variations, contribute significantly to the deterioration process. The research employs a comprehensive approach, analyzing both intrinsic and extrinsic factors to elucidate the mechanisms behind the decay patterns observed in this UNESCO World Heritage Site. The findings highlight the complex interplay between climatic conditions and material properties in shaping the preservation challenges faced by ancient structures in semi-arid and continental climates.

Determination of endoglucanase activity of paper decaying fungi from an old library at the ancient Medina of Fez

Medina of Fez — 2016 — WHED34AD6E811

Research on paper decaying fungi from the ancient library of Fez, Morocco, reveals that all tested isolates exhibit cellulase, amylase, pectinase, and ligninase activities. Notably, Mucor racemosus PF15, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus oryzae demonstrated the highest endoglucanase activity (0.256, 0.236, and 0.216 UI/mL, respectively) after six days in liquid medium at 25°C. Optimal enzyme production occurred at pH 5–6 and temperatures of 25–30°C, providing critical insights into the biodeterioration mechanisms affecting historical paper in UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Fez's Medina.

Determining the impact of information on rural livelihoods and sustainable tourism development near protected areas in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa

iSimangaliso Wetland Park – Maputo National Park — 2016 — WHE224825912F

Lack of access to relevant information and education is a critical barrier preventing rural communities near protected areas, such as the iSimangaliso Wetland Park – Maputo National Park, from escaping poverty. A pilot study involving five rural communities in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa, found that while sustainable tourism development may not always be feasible for survivalist communities, a sustainable livelihoods approach—focusing on training and mobilization—offers a more attainable path to economic empowerment. The research highlights the pivotal role of governing authorities in providing information about site preservation, ownership, and land claims, emphasizing that targeted education can enable communities to leverage local tourism opportunities effectively.

Development of a Hydrogen Energy System as a Grid Frequency Management Tool

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park — 2016 — WHE9AAA746A45

A hydrogen energy system (HES) demonstrated limited effectiveness for rapid grid frequency management, with response times too slow to match battery energy storage systems (BESS). The study, conducted by the Hawai‘i Natural Energy Institute (HNEI), installed a 65 kg/day HES at NELHA to test electrolyzer durability and performance under dynamic load conditions. While modifications improved system response time, it remained unsuitable for fast frequency regulation (1 to 0.5 Hz). The research suggests that a hybrid electrolyzer/BESS system could optimize grid regulation services at lower costs. This study highlights the potential and challenges of integrating hydrogen systems into island grid management.

Development of mobile learning application to promote world heritage site preservation awareness: Case of Luang Prabang, Lao PDR

Town of Luang Prabang — 2016 — WHE334B489041

A mobile learning application developed for Android demonstrates significant potential in promoting preservation awareness at UNESCO World Heritage Sites, particularly in least developed countries. The study, conducted in Luang Prabang, Lao PDR, found that the application effectively enhanced users' understanding of cultural heritage preservation through surveys and interviews with higher education students. This approach leverages appropriate technology tailored to local contexts, offering a scalable solution to balance development pressures while preserving cultural significance. Encouraging outcomes suggest mobile learning applications can serve as powerful tools for heritage conservation in resource-limited settings.

Diagnostic Activities for the Planned and Preventive Conservation of Mosaic Pavements: The Case Study of the Triclinium of the Villa Romana del Casale (Sicily)

Villa Romana del Casale — 2016 — WHE1705C48A47

A breakthrough in the conservation of ancient mosaics, particularly those at the UNESCO World Heritage Site Villa Romana del Casale in Sicily, has been achieved through an innovative diagnostic procedure. This method combines laser scanning and thermo-hygrometric investigations to monitor the physical condition of mosaic pavements over time and assess the effectiveness of maintenance work. Unlike traditional approaches, this user-friendly procedure offers a sustainable, long-term solution for preserving these exceptional Roman mosaics, addressing challenges such as economic and technical constraints. The study highlights the potential of integrating advanced technologies into preventive conservation strategies, ensuring the longevity of cultural heritage sites worldwide.

Diaspora tourism as a framework to understand a host-guest relationship in the context of domestic cultural heritage tourism

Historic Villages of Korea: Hahoe and Yangdong — 2016 — WHE1206DB040B

This study introduces diaspora tourism as a conceptual framework to analyze host-guest relationships in domestic cultural heritage tourism, particularly in contexts where tourists and residents share similar historical and cultural backgrounds. Unlike international tourism, where asymmetry between hosts and guests is often emphasized, this research highlights the unique dynamics of domestic tourism by examining interactions at Hahoe traditional folk village in Korea. The study identifies diaspora tourism as a promising approach to understand these relationships, focusing on tourists' search for authenticity and the shared ancestral roots, culture, and traditions. It also suggests avenues for future research based on the commonalities between diaspora tourism and domestic tourism.

Did the Crab Pulsar Undergo a Small Glitch in 2006 Late March/Early April?

Jodrell Bank Observatory — 2016 — WHE8FD4610231

A previously undetected small glitch in the Crab Pulsar, occurring between late March and early April 2006, has been identified through analysis of monthly arrival times published by Jodrell Bank Observatory. This glitch, likely the smallest observed in the Crab Pulsar to date, was not reported by either Jodrell Bank or Xinjiang radio observatories, possibly due to its small magnitude or attribution to timing noise. The finding was verified using X-ray data from RXTE, addressing the challenge of distinguishing between minor glitches and pulsar timing noise. This research highlights the importance of careful data analysis in detecting subtle changes in pulsar behavior.

Didáctica de las matemáticas y arquitectura: la razón áurea en la Lonja de Valencia

La Lonja de la Seda de Valencia — 2016 — WHE88A829E3F4

A study reveals the presence of golden ratio proportions in the renowned La Lonja de la Seda, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Valencia. The research documents a tutored undergraduate thesis process focusing on geometric analysis, highlighting the building's harmonic decomposition. This approach combines pedagogical methodology with architectural analysis to demonstrate how mathematical principles underpin the structure's aesthetic and functional design.

Die Entdeckung der Neuen Welt: Die «Vinland-Sagas» (Chapter 5)

L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site — 2016 — WHE648D882A9D

Archaeological evidence from L'Anse aux Meadows, discovered in 1961 by Helge and Anne Stine Ingstad, confirms the Viking presence in North America nearly 500 years before Columbus. The site provides tangible traces of the Norse expeditions described in the Vinland Sagas, offering insights into their seafaring capabilities, nautical knowledge, and cultural perceptions. Rudolf Simek's analysis explores the motivations behind these voyages—whether driven by resource scarcity or adventurous spirit—and examines the historical and archaeological context of Viking exploration. The study also debunks 'Viking Hoaxes,' highlighting the distinction between documented findings and speculative narratives that emerged in North America.

Die Expansion der Wikinger in Europa (Chapter 3)

L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site — 2016 — WHED23FF01A74

Archaeological evidence from L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland, reveals the presence of Viking settlers approximately 500 years before Columbus's voyage. The site, discovered in 1961 by Norwegian archaeologists Helge and Anne Stine Ingstad, provides tangible proof of Norse exploration in North America. This finding challenges historical narratives and underscores the advanced navigational skills and resourcefulness of Viking seafarers. The study examines Norse sagas, ship designs, and nautical knowledge to contextualize this significant discovery, while also debunking 'Viking Hoaxes' that emerged from American folklore.

Die Letzten Tage von Assur und die zeit Danach

Ashur (Qal'at Sherqat) — 2016 — WHE4889AF7F20

Archaeological evidence reveals that the fall of Ashur, Assyria's first capital and religious center, in 614 BCE was not an abrupt event but one marked by preparation. The destruction, visible in both official buildings and private dwellings, indicates that the Assyrians anticipated a siege. Contrary to historical accounts suggesting abandonment, parts of the site were reoccupied post-fall, with remnants of Assyrian cultural memory persisting into the Parthian period. This study relies on material remains to reconstruct the siege's nature and its aftermath, offering new insights into the resilience and continuity of Assyrian influence beyond their decline.

Die Marienburg: Vom Machtzentrum des Deutschen Ordens zum mitteleuropäischen Erinnerungsort, ed. Bernd Ulrich Hucker, Eugen Kotteand Christine Vogel

Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork — 2016 — WHED84B8D31D4

The Castle of Marienburg (Malbork) undergoes a complex transformation from a medieval power center to a contested symbol of European history. Originally the seat of the Teutonic Order and later a royal residence in Poland, its narrative shifts dramatically under Prussian rule, Nazi propaganda, and post-war conflicts. The castle's 50–60% destruction during World War II and subsequent restoration efforts highlight its layered significance as both a monument of German history and a site of collective memory. This study traces these transitions, revealing how the castle's physical and symbolic reconstruction reflects broader European historical narratives.

Die Schiffe der Wikinger: Drachenschiffe und Lastochsen der Meere (Chapter 6)

L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site — 2016 — WHEC566C1F0B4

Archaeological evidence of the Viking Age expedition to North America, predating Columbus by over 400 years, was rediscovered at L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland. The site, uncovered in 1961 by Norwegian archaeologists Helge and Anne Stine Ingstad, provides tangible proof of Norse exploration, challenging preconceived notions about the timing and extent of European contact with the Americas. This discovery, rooted in textual analysis of sagas like Grænlendinga Saga and archaeological excavation, sheds light on Viking navigational prowess, ship design (notably 'dragon ships'), and their motivations for transatlantic voyages—ranging from resource scarcity to adventurism. The study also debunks 'Viking Hoaxes,' exaggerated narratives that emerged in the U.S., by grounding findings in verifiable historical and material evidence.

Die Welt der falschen amerikanischen Wikinger: «Viking Hoaxes» in Amerika (Chapter 11)

L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site — 2016 — WHE370DF5B5E5

In 1961, the Norwegian couple Helge and Anne Stine Ingstad uncovered archaeological remains of a Viking expedition at L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland, confirming Norse presence in North America over 400 years before Columbus. This discovery provided tangible evidence of the Grænlendinga Saga's account of Viking exploration. The study, led by Rudolf Simek, explores the motivations behind these voyages—ranging from adventure and resource scarcity to cultural curiosity—and analyzes the nautical expertise and worldviews of Norse seafarers. It also examines the historical context of 'Viking Hoaxes' in America, where exaggerated tales of Norse exploration flourished. The research combines archaeological evidence with historical narrative, offering insights into Viking navigation, boat design, and the broader implications of their transatlantic journey.

Diet, Diel Activity Pattern, Habitat Use, and Reproductive Effort ofHylodes nasus(Anura: Hylodidae) in One of the World's Largest Urban Parks (Tijuca National Park), Southeastern Brazil

Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea — 2016 — WHE2F126F1789

Hylodes nasus, a frog species endemic to the Tijuca Massif in southeastern Brazil, exhibits distinct ecological behaviors during its reproductive period. The study reveals that H. nasus has a diverse diet, primarily consuming Diptera, Formicidae, Coleoptera, larvae, and other Hymenoptera, while showing diurnal activity with reduced midday activity. It also demonstrates a shift in microhabitat use between active (diurnal) and inactive (nocturnal) periods, occupying stones during the day and low vegetation at night. Additionally, the species has a median ovarian complement of 88 oocytes with a mean diameter of 2.2 mm. This research provides the first detailed approximation of the biological and ecological characteristics of H. nasus, contributing to our understanding of this species within one of the world's largest urban parks, Tijuca National Park.

Differentiation of three species of the genus Upeneus (Mullidae) based on otolith shape analysis

Ha Long Bay - Cat Ba Archipelago — 2016 — WHE0E5F871AA2

A comparative analysis of otolith shapes reveals distinct differences among three species of the genus Upeneus (U. tragula, U. margarethae, and U. sundaicus) found in Ha Long Bay, Vietnam. The study used morphological parameters such as length, width, perimeter, and area, along with shape indices like form factor, roundness, and ellipticity, to differentiate the species. Elliptic Fourier analysis and multivariate statistics further confirmed that U. sundaicus is distinct from U. tragula and U. margarethae, while the latter two are closely related. This research provides a novel approach for species differentiation using otolith morphology, offering valuable insights into the taxonomy of this fish genus.

Digital non-metric image-based documentation for the preservation and restoration of mural paintings: the case of the Üzümlü Rock-hewn Church, Turkey

Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia — 2016 — WHECDD6EB47B8

A novel, low-cost digital documentation method for mural paintings in rock-hewn churches, such as Üzümlü Church in Cappadocia, Turkey, has been developed. This approach leverages non-metric high-resolution imaging to capture detailed conditions of mural paintings without requiring specialized equipment or extensive human resources. Unlike traditional photogrammetric software, which often lacks sufficient resolution due to hardware limitations, this method enables rapid, in-situ documentation that supports preservation and restoration efforts by comparing approximate images with actual mural conditions. The study demonstrates the potential of this technique to bridge gaps in digital preservation while maintaining accuracy and efficiency.

Dinâmicas de expansão do arranjo urbano-regional Brasília-Anápolis-Goiânia

Brasilia — 2016 — WHE25B34FA372

The urban-regional arrangement of Brasília-Anápolis-Goiânia exhibits dynamic expansion patterns driven by the imobiliary sector, heavily influenced by agribusiness revenue. This study reveals that while wealth generated in surrounding areas fuels urban valorization, it does not alleviate existing inequalities, instead exacerbating spatial fragmentation and discontinuity. The research employs a socio-spatial analysis to explore these dynamics, focusing on the distinct expansion models of Goiânia and Anápolis. It highlights how this arrangement reflects contemporary metropolization processes, characterized by dense yet discontinuous urban morphologies that sustain geographical expansion while perpetuating social disparities.

Diplomaten in Assur-Alltag oder Anzeichen für eine internationale krise?

Ashur (Qal'at Sherqat) — 2016 — WHED8C5B00898

A surge in diplomatic activity at the Assyrian capital of Ashur (Qal'at Sherqat) during the reign of King Tukulti-Ninurta I suggests a significant international crisis, likely tied to the Assyrian war against Babylonia. Analysis of the Middle Assyrian archive from Tall Humera/Harbe reveals that within six weeks, ambassadors from Hatti, Egypt, Amurru, and Sidon traveled to Ashur, an unusual concentration of foreign envoys. This finding is supported by letter orders from the Grand Vizier to provincial governors along the steppe route, alongside chronicles, royal inscriptions, and new eponym data from archaeological sites like Tall Huwera and Tall Šeh Hamad/Dur-Katlimmu. The study proposes a connection between this diplomatic flurry and Assyria's eventual victory over Babylon, offering insights into ancient geopolitical dynamics.

Dispossessed Lives

Historic Bridgetown and its Garrison — 2016 — WHE90F0033EB6

Historic Bridgetown and its Garrison serves as the backdrop for a groundbreaking study that sheds light on the lives of enslaved women in 18th-century Barbados. The research challenges conventional historical narratives by examining the complex interplay of urban, legal, sexual, and representational power dynamics that shaped the experiences of these vulnerable subjects. Through meticulous archival analysis, the study reveals how slave owners, authorities, and institutional records collectively contributed to the dispossession and invisibility of enslaved women. This work not only deepens our understanding of historical injustices but also critiques the methods through which marginalized histories are constructed, offering a nuanced perspective on the broader impacts of colonial power structures.