World Heritage Research: Browse Publications: Page 206

Prisoners, Sanctuary‐Seekers, and Workers: Jews at the Tower of London, 1189–1290

Tower of London — 2022 — WHEECEB6BE9FF

A groundbreaking analysis reveals the Tower of London's pivotal role in medieval Jewish history, serving as a hub for prisoners, sanctuary-seekers, and workers from 1189 to 1290. The study highlights that the Constable of the Tower held unique authority over England's Jewry, including the power to arrest Jews nationwide and preside over legal cases involving them. Notably, between 1278 and 1279, at least 600 Jews were detained on charges of coin-clipping. This research, derived from a comprehensive project by Historic Royal Palaces, is the first dedicated exploration of Jewish experiences at the Tower, offering detailed biographies of every known individual from this period.

Problem solving of wild animals in the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia

Wet Tropics of Queensland — 2022 — WHE9B2E2ACD19

Research reveals that seven native Australian species, including mammals, birds, and reptiles, demonstrate problem-solving abilities in the wild rainforests of Queensland's Wet Tropics. This is the first evidence of such cognitive behavior in these species, offering insights into their potential resilience or vulnerability to anthropogenic threats. The study employed food-baited puzzles—including matchbox tasks, cylinder tasks, and tile and lever tasks—monitored via trail cameras. Findings indicate that certain species can solve complex problems, suggesting a capacity to adapt to changing environmental conditions, which may influence their survival in human-altered landscapes.

Problemáticas y potencialidades espaciales de los centros históricos (Camagüey, Cuba)

Historic Centre of Camagüey — 2022 — WHE45BD6B449D

A study of Camagüey's historic center reveals the complex interplay between society and nature, highlighting spatial challenges and opportunities that emerge from their interaction. The research identifies key conflicts and potential solutions, emphasizing the role of local inhabitants in shaping urban heritage. By integrating theoretical frameworks with empirical analysis—including graphic documentation—the study demonstrates how academic research can bridge the gap between public institutions and community participation. This approach underscores the importance of conscious spatial transformation in preserving and enhancing historic centers while fostering a collaborative model for urban development.

Problems of Indexing in Documentation and Mapping of Rock Art Sites

Petroglyphs of Lake Onega and the White Sea — 2022 — WHEEA81ED54C6

A new approach to indexing rock art sites, known as the 'topographic' system, has been developed to address the limitations of existing systems in digital documentation. This method focuses on the spatial and topographical characteristics of petroglyphs rather than their semantics or chronological attribution, enabling continuous and systematic documentation without premature interpretation. The study highlights how advancements in digital technologies—such as drones, GNSS receivers, digital photography, and 3D modeling—have facilitated more comprehensive and accurate mapping of rock art sites, particularly those in the Petroglyphs of Lake Onega and the White Sea region. By decoupling documentation from interpretation, this system paves the way for integrating rock art data into geographical information systems (GIS) and databases, enhancing long-term research and preservation efforts.

Problems of protecting the world natural heritage sites in Russia and abroad (example of lake Baikal and the “Plitvice lakes” national park)

Plitvice Lakes National Park — 2022 — WHE7CC54DB41C

A comparison of protection strategies for UNESCO World Heritage Sites reveals that consolidating management under a single legal entity, as seen with Plitvice Lakes National Park, enhances conservation effectiveness. The study highlights the inadequacy of domestic legislation in safeguarding authentic landscapes, proposing the adoption of international conventions—such as the Convention on the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage—to mitigate threats like unauthorized construction. It also advocates for Russia's adherence to the European Landscape Convention to strengthen landscape protection frameworks. For Lake Baikal, the research suggests establishing a sui generis regime for its Central Ecological Zone, centralizing administration and aligning with IUCN and World Heritage Committee recommendations. This approach could address accumulated environmental damage and regulate tourism while fostering sustainable economic development.

Procedure and challenges of World Heritage nomination of Amami-oshima Island, Tokuno-shima Island, northern part of Okinawa Island and Iriomote Island

Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island — 2022 — WHE0B7F127FAD

Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, the northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island were successfully inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites after an 18-year nomination process, beginning in 2003. The study highlights the challenges and procedural hurdles encountered during this lengthy journey, particularly focusing on the 2018 IUCN evaluation report's assessment of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) for natural heritage criteria (ix). While the exact scientific insights or discoveries are not detailed, the research underscores the complexities of meeting international conservation standards and the rigorous evaluation processes required for World Heritage designation. The study serves as a case example for understanding the intricacies of global heritage nomination procedures.

Production and the Exploitation of Resources

<i>Aflaj</i> Irrigation Systems of Oman — 2022 — WHECF4E28B22A

Aflaj irrigation systems in Oman represent a sophisticated pre-modern hydraulic technology that sustained agricultural productivity and pastoral economies for centuries. This volume synthesizes archaeological, historical, and ethnographic evidence to demonstrate how Aflaj—gravity-fed underground channels—integrated with broader patterns of resource exploitation across the Islamic world. It reveals their origins in Sassanian water-management traditions, their adaptation under early Islam, and their role in fostering agricultural innovation, including the introduction of new crops like rice. Through case studies from Oman, Iran, Syria, and al-Andalus, the research highlights the Aflaj's dual function: as a tool for sustainable land use and a symbol of imperial and religious authority. Methodologically, it combines textual analysis (e.g., agricultural treatises by al-Hamdani or Al-Falaha) with archaeological surveys (e.g., mining sites in Oman’s southwestern province), offering a multidisciplinary framework to trace the diffusion and impact of Islamic hydraulic technology.

Professor George Eogan, MRIA FSA HonFSAScot

Brú na Bóinne - Archaeological Ensemble of the Bend of the Boyne — 2022 — WHE201691465E

Professor George Eogan, Professor Emeritus of Celtic Archaeology at University College Dublin (UCD), made groundbreaking contributions to the understanding of Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures in Ireland. His extensive research on the Knowth passage tomb complex within the Brú na Bóinne World Heritage site revealed significant insights into the architectural sophistication and symbolic significance of these ancient structures. Eogan's work, which combined meticulous excavation techniques with innovative analytical methods, shed light on the social and ritual practices of Neolithic communities. Additionally, his studies on Bronze Age metalwork and goldwork expanded our knowledge of craftsmanship and trade during this period. His legacy lies in both his scholarly publications and his role as a mentor to future generations of archaeologists.

Project “Easter Triptych”

Monastery of Horezu — 2022 — WHE42FE769699

The 'Easter Triptych' project, spanning six annual editions (2018–2023), successfully integrated religious and cultural traditions into a multifaceted artistic and educational initiative. It highlighted the preservation of Romanian customs, beliefs, and craftsmanship through performances, exhibitions, and collaborations with institutions such as the Romanian National Opera Iași and UNESCO-affiliated museums. The project's reach extended internationally, fostering cross-cultural dialogue in Austria and the Republic of Moldova. A notable outcome was the CD 'Easter Triptych,' encapsulating its artistic contributions.

Prologue: Locating the Modern

Asmara: A Modernist African City — 2022 — WHE184A25A971

This issue of <em>Curator</em> challenges the Eurocentric master narrative of modernism, advocating for a more inclusive and diverse understanding of modernity that acknowledges global contributions. It highlights the colonial matrix of power that has historically marginalized non-Western perspectives in heritage studies. Through case studies from across Africa, the research deconstructs the linear progression of Western modernity, proposing alternative epistemologies such as 'transmodernity' and 'border thinking.' The study also explores how African modernist architecture often drew on precolonial aesthetics, creating unique forms that question colonial power structures. Additionally, it addresses the precarity of modern heritage in Africa, emphasizing the need for sustainable preservation and community engagement to ensure equitable futures.

Promoting conservation or change? The UNESCO label of world heritage (re)shaping urban morphology in the Old Town of Lijiang, China

Old Town of Lijiang — 2022 — WHEF3B0AAA813

The UNESCO World Heritage label significantly reshapes urban morphology, often prioritizing physical conservation over traditional social fabric. A study on Lijiang's Old Town found that while architectural structures and historic characteristics were well-preserved post-inscription, neighborhood networks and cultural cohesion eroded due to heritage-led development. The research introduces the Conzenian approach as a framework for monitoring Outstanding Universal Values (OUV) and employs spatial plan analysis alongside multi-stakeholder interviews to assess urban morphology from macro to micro levels. This method reveals a tension between conservation efforts and economic growth, offering insights into balancing heritage preservation with sustainable urban development in China and globally.

Promoting faith-based tourism products in selected sacred spaces of south western Nigeria

Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove — 2022 — WHE3F8276621F

A key challenge to the growth of faith-based tourism products in sacred spaces, such as the Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, is overcrowding. Despite this, improved infrastructure and clear instructions can effectively manage visitor traffic, enhancing the economic benefits for these sites. The study employed ethnographic research to investigate challenges faced by three major religious sites (Redemption Camp, Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, and NASFAT camp) in southwestern Nigeria, representing Christianity, Islam, and African traditional religion. Findings highlight that while faith-based tourism—including pilgrimages and ritual performances—drives significant visitor numbers, addressing overcrowding is crucial for sustainable growth.

Promoting students’ multiliteracy, multimodal, and global citizenship skills in the second language classroom through designing a digital city tour on izi.TRAVEL

Venice and its Lagoon — 2022 — WHEF4A4E0DED4

Designing digital city tours using the izi.TRAVEL platform significantly enhances students' multiliteracy, multimodal skills, and global citizenship in second-language learning. A study involving university students of Italian as a second language demonstrated that crafting digital stories based on cultural heritage—specifically Venice—improved their narration, mediation, and interpretation abilities while fostering their role as global citizens. The research employed a two-part project: classroom and museum activities to deepen understanding of Venetian culture, followed by guided creation of digital tours. Multimodal analysis revealed that this approach effectively combined language learning with digital storytelling, promoting both technical and creative competencies.

Promoting the heritage of the city of San Cristobal de La Laguna through a temporal link with a 16th century map

San Cristóbal de La Laguna — 2022 — WHECA6020774B

A novel web application successfully geolocates modern addresses of San Cristóbal de La Laguna, a UNESCO World Heritage city in the Canary Islands, onto its first known 16th-century map. By employing non-parametric natural transform interpolation, researchers achieved high accuracy with a global mean error of just 4.9 meters, reducing to 3.2 meters within the historic city center. This tool offers a unique temporal link between past and present, enhancing heritage promotion and public engagement. The application demonstrated robust performance, handling 50 concurrent users with a latency of 1.4 seconds, making it both precise and user-friendly.

Promoting the inclusion of Indigenous knowledge in natural resource management: a case study from the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia

Wet Tropics of Queensland — 2022 — WHEAB8A9FE648

Indigenous knowledge (IK) should be conceptualized as a worldview to effectively integrate it into natural resource management (NRM), according to a study from the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia. The research, conducted in collaboration with local Indigenous communities, found that integrating IK and science requires addressing epistemological recognition, developing collaborative validation platforms, and aligning environmental values and ethics. The study proposes an indigenous worldview-informed monitoring system for freshwater environments and argues that indigenizing NRM could enhance its sustainability. It also highlights the importance of a constructivist approach to knowledge production in ensuring true representation of IK in cross-cultural NRM.

Proposal of a Coastal Ferry Using Last Hybrid Technology for Green Transportation in Touristic Areas

Costiera Amalfitana — 2022 — WHE5F284947C7

A proposed coastal ferry design leverages hybrid technology to minimize environmental impact while maximizing passenger capacity, addressing growing transportation needs in UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The study combines state-of-the-art propulsion systems with hull resistance data, focusing on a traditional displacement hull for optimal efficiency. By integrating advanced generators, variable-speed propulsion, and next-generation batteries—prioritizing safety—researchers aim to achieve high energy efficiency while reducing emissions. The approach also explores energy distribution strategies, including shore-based solutions, to further enhance sustainability. This innovative design could set a benchmark for eco-friendly transportation in fragile coastal areas.

Propositional A/r/tography: An Analytical Protocol

Gondwana Rainforests of Australia — 2022 — WHE4DA0CD8206

Propositional A/r/tography introduces a novel analytical protocol that leverages speculative and propositional potentials to deepen understanding of a/r/tographic renderings. This approach serves as an experimental gateway for generating layered, iterative data, offering new methods for analysis in qualitative research. Developed through fieldwork with young people in the UNESCO-listed Gondwana Rainforests of Australia, the protocol responds dynamically to processes of making, materiality, and mapping, providing a framework for speculative propositions that encourage further exploration and experimentation with visual renderings.

Prospects for green infrastructure development to improve the living comfort for the population of Odesa

The Historic Centre of Odesa — 2022 — WHE74D76A958E

A study identifies the potential for green infrastructure to significantly enhance living comfort in Odesa, Ukraine. Researchers found that increasing green spaces, particularly through the creation of a city-wide green belt and incorporating green roofs and walls, could mitigate urban heat stress and improve air quality. The analysis revealed that Odesa currently falls short of recommended green space per resident norms, with notable disparities across districts. The study also highlights the importance of prioritizing drought-resistant native plant species in new green areas due to rapid climate change. Recommendations include expanding existing ecological corridor projects to cover all city districts and integrating green infrastructure elements more efficiently.

Protecting monuments and plant biodiversity in archaeological sites: the case of the Etruscan necropolis of “Monterozzi” (Tarquinia, central Italy)

Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia — 2022 — WHE54248C298C

A study highlights the coexistence of monument protection and plant biodiversity conservation at the UNESCO-listed Etruscan Necropolis of Monterozzi (Tarquinia, Italy). Researchers demonstrate that strategic landscaping—integrating native flora with archaeological structures—enhances both site preservation and ecological resilience. The approach combines botanical surveys, soil analysis, and historical documentation to identify plant species that stabilize tombs while supporting local biodiversity. Findings suggest that such integrated management can mitigate erosion and climate impacts without compromising the integrity of ancient monuments.

Protective and Conservative Tendencies in the Life and Works of the Priest Pavel Florensky

Architectural Ensemble of the Trinity Sergius Lavra in Sergiev Posad — 2022 — WHED8B89A5AF7

Priest Pavel Florensky, renowned for his religious philosophy and works such as 'The Pillar and Ground of the Truth,' is revealed as a conservative thinker who prioritized the preservation of Orthodox Church dogmata, canons, and sacraments. This study challenges existing perceptions that equate his ideas with modernizing trends like Sergei Bulgakov’s sophiology. Through analysis of Florensky's actions during the 1905–1907 upheavals and post-1917 Soviet era, it demonstrates his consistent opposition to religious progress theories and his efforts to safeguard liturgical and monastic life at the Trinity Sergius Lavra. Despite ambiguities in his theological concepts, Florensky is shown to have remained steadfastly committed to the Orthodox Church's core mission.

Provenance of metasedimentary rocks of the Kheis Terrane and Kakamas Domain: support for accretionary tectonics during the development of the western Namaqua-Natal metamorphic province

Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape — 2022 — WHE973591FDD2

A new study provides compelling evidence supporting the accretionary tectonics model for the development of the western Namaqua-Natal Metamorphic Province (NNMP) in South Africa. By analyzing detrital zircon grains from two metasedimentary successions—the Keis supergroup and Korannaland Group—researchers found distinct provenance histories, indicating these rocks did not share common source areas during deposition. The Keis supergroup derived from Archaean to Paleoproterozoic sources on the Kaapvaal Craton, while the Korannaland Group sourced from late-Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic regions like Bushmanland and Richtersveld domains. This divergence in geological histories strengthens the argument that the Namaqua sector of the NNMP formed through the accretion of crustal fragments rather than a continental back-arc setting, offering insights into the tectonic assembly of Rodinia during the Proterozoic.

Pseudoscorpions (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from the Curonian Spit National Park with Dinocheirus panzeri as a newly recorded genus and species from Lithuania

Curonian Spit — 2022 — WHE340A837886

Researchers have identified Dinocheirus panzeri as a newly recorded genus and species of pseudoscorpion in Lithuania, specifically within the Curonian Spit National Park. This discovery adds to the biodiversity documentation of the region, highlighting its ecological significance. The study collected 102 pseudoscorpions from five species across four genera and two families, employing field sampling techniques to analyze their distribution and diversity. This finding contributes valuable data for conservation efforts and expands the known range of Dinocheirus panzeri, which was previously unrecorded in Lithuania.

Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment for the Borobudur Temple Merchant and Parking Relocation Project

Borobudur Temple Compounds — 2022 — WHE824A724CEC

A significant majority of the community, including affected merchants and landowners, supports the Borobudur Temple merchant and parking relocation project, with 78.6% of nearby residents and 96.7% of landowners expressing favorable opinions. Public participation in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, through consultations and socialization activities, proved effective in addressing concerns and gathering valuable feedback. The study, conducted from March 25 to 28, 2021, used a mixed descriptive method involving 150 respondents across three groups: local residents, merchants, and landowners. The findings highlight the importance of community engagement in large-scale heritage management projects, demonstrating how structured participation can lead to better understanding and acceptance of relocation plans.

Punic Amphorae in Post-talayotic Menorca (Fifth to First Century BCE)

Talayotic Menorca — 2022 — WHE88106B821D

A significant increase in Punic amphorae on Menorca, particularly from the fourth to first century BCE, marks a shift in trade dynamics. This study reveals that Ebusitan wine was replaced by Tarraconensis wine around the middle of the first century BCE, with most Punic amphorae originating from the central Mediterranean, excluding Ibiza. The research employed modern quantification methods at key sites like Torrellafuda and Son Catlar, providing precise data on ceramic contexts. Notably, no Punic-Iberian production was identified until recently, offering new insights into post-Talayotic trade networks.

Putative white-naped mangabey (Cercocebus lunulatus) × olive baboon (Papio anubis) hybrids from Comoé National Park in Côte d’Ivoire

Comoé National Park — 2022 — WHECC39464BB6

Researchers document the first potential hybrid between white-naped mangabeys (Cercocebus lunulatus) and olive baboons (Papio anubis) observed in the wild at Comoé National Park, Côte d’Ivoire. The discovery was made through field observations and camera trap footage capturing three juvenile male hybrids over two years (2019–2021). While intergeneric hybridization has been reported in captivity among Papionini species, this finding suggests possible natural gene flow between the two species in a savanna-dominated protected area. The study highlights the need for genetic analysis to confirm hybrid status and assess population structure, while also exploring ecological factors that may facilitate such cross-species interactions. Given the Endangered status of C. lunulatus and the potential conservation implications, further research is recommended to clarify gene flow dynamics and demographic changes in these primate populations.

Pygmalion’s Power: Romanesque Sculpture, the Senses, and Religious Experience by Thomas E. A. Dale

Vézelay, Church and Hill — 2022 — WHE8DFFC493AB

Romanesque sculpture, particularly in sites like Vézelay and Moissac, was not solely a revival of classical art but reflected a profound shift toward spiritual embodiment and affective piety during the late 11th to 12th centuries. Thomas E. A. Dale challenges traditional narratives that attribute its resurgence to a desire for Roman authority, instead emphasizing its role in religious experience through sensory engagement, ritual veneration, and liturgical drama. The study employs cultural anthropology, liturgical studies, and historiographical analysis to reinterpret familiar works—such as the Madonna and Child, crucifixes, and monsters—revealing their affective qualities and connections to devotional practices. Dale's interdisciplinary approach, drawing on the work of scholars like Mary Carruthers and Caroline Walker Bynum, provides fresh insights into how these sculptures evoked religious emotion and spiritual meaning.

Quality pathology assessment in historic buildings – case of the “basilica and convent of San Francisco”

Historic Centre of Lima — 2022 — WHE4E6604F8D7

Fissures are the most significant pathologies affecting the structural integrity of historic buildings, with earthquakes and external vibrations identified as primary causes. This study proposes a methodology to assess quality pathologies—both aesthetic and superficial—in Lima's historic center, using the Basilica and Convent of San Francisco as a case study. The approach involves identifying the most impactful pathologies and their root causes, providing a framework for targeted conservation efforts. By applying this methodology, researchers concluded that fissures pose the greatest risk to the structure, highlighting the need for seismic resilience in heritage preservation.

Quantification of antibiotic resistance genes in wildlife ungulates in Ngorongoro Conservation area and Mikumi National Park, Tanzania

Ngorongoro Conservation Area — 2022 — WHED9B844A2A7

Wildlife ungulates, including buffalo, zebra, and wildebeest, in Tanzania's Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) and Mikumi National Park (MNP), serve as reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes, even without direct contact with cattle. A study quantified 14 antimicrobial resistance genes in fecal samples from these animals, revealing the presence of eight genes, notably tet(W) and blaCMY-2, which encodes ESBL-type resistance—a concern due to its potential spread to environmental bacteria and livestock. Notably, buffalo in MNP, which do not interact with cattle, also tested positive for these genes, suggesting that wild ungulates on savannah may independently harbor resistance determinants. This finding underscores the role of wildlife in maintaining and potentially disseminating antimicrobial resistance, warranting further investigation into their gene pool.

Quantification of Outdoor Thermal Comfort Levels under Sea Breeze in the Historical City Fabric: The Case of Algiers Casbah

Kasbah of Algiers — 2022 — WHE0F65557161

A study of Algiers Casbah reveals significant variations in outdoor thermal comfort within its historic urban fabric, particularly under sea breeze conditions. The research found that collapsed buildings and the sky view factor substantially impact mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) and physiological equivalent temperature (PET), leading to high heat stress levels, especially during hot hours. Notably, PET differences reached 3.7 °C in January and 2.2 °C in August between subspaces. The findings underscore the need for targeted urban rehabilitation strategies to mitigate heat stress while preserving heritage integrity.

Quantifying the post‐fire recovery of taxonomic and functional diversity of dung beetles in the Brazilian Pantanal

Pantanal Conservation Area — 2022 — WHEDB4B5F5812

A study on the Pantanal, the world's largest wetland and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, reveals that dung beetles exhibit high resistance to fire and rapid recovery post-fire. Researchers found that while taxonomic composition changed significantly 16 months after severe burns in 2019–2020, functional diversity remained stable, indicating that these insects are less sensitive to fire effects than previously thought. Dung beetles, known for their ecological roles such as seed dispersion and nutrient cycling, may aid in the restoration of burned areas, offering valuable insights for conservation strategies. The study combined taxonomic and functional diversity metrics to provide a comprehensive understanding of dung beetle responses to fire, highlighting their potential as tools for ecological restoration in fire-affected regions.

Quantitative Assessment of Spatial Pattern of Geodiversity in the Tibetan Plateau

Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa — 2022 — WHE033B6FFCF9

Areas of very high geodiversity on the Tibetan Plateau—including the Pamir Plateau, Mt. Kunlun, and the Lhasa region—correlate with international tourist destinations such as UNESCO World Natural Heritage Sites and Global Geoparks. This study quantifies geodiversity across 1145 areas using 96 abiotic units in six geo-groups (hydrology, pedology, landform, elevation, geology, and geosites), revealing that zones with high geodiversity hold significant potential for geotourism development. The research employs a normalized geodiversity index to assess spatial patterns, offering new insights for geoconservation planning in China.

Queen’s Tombs Made Earlier than King’s and Changes of the Royal Tomb System in the Joseon Dynasty

Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty — 2022 — WHE9EB41CC6A7

Research on the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty reveals that the construction sequence of queen consorts' tombs, often completed before their respective kings', was driven by political expediency (quandao) rather than strict adherence to tradition. This shift in funerary practices, marked by changes in stone figure arrangements around the tombs, demonstrates how rulers adapted rituals to navigate practical challenges while maintaining the facade of tradition. The study highlights that when queens died before their kings, funerary procedures prioritized marital fidelity over filial piety, reflecting a nuanced interpretation of Confucian values. By analyzing these deviations from established norms, the research underscores the role of political philosophy—particularly the concepts of quandao and changjing—in shaping even seemingly conservative structures like royal tombs.

Quilting Power:Mana, UNESCO and Spiritual Sovereignty in the Marquesas Islands

Te Henua Enata – The Marquesas Islands — 2022 — WHE22722D58D8

The Marquesas Islands' bid for UNESCO World Heritage List (WHL) status reveals complex tensions between Indigenous spiritual sovereignty and colonial heritage narratives. While WHL recognition is sought as a means to global power, it risks suppressing local, relational understandings of heritage, echoing historical patterns of oppression. The study highlights how different stakeholders use 'heritage' as a political tool, either amplifying or silencing Indigenous interpretations. This dynamic underscores the critical role of spiritual sovereignty in navigating power structures within contemporary French Polynesia.

Radical Changes: Decolonizing, not just Diversifying, Digital Crime Archives

Australian Convict Sites — 2022 — WHE09B2EB284F

A radical rethinking of digital crime archives is needed to decolonize, not just diversify, historical narratives. The study highlights that current digital resources, such as those on Victorian crime and punishment, often replicate colonial biases, marginalizing Indigenous and non-White populations. While projects like the Digital Panopticon have revolutionized access to convict records, they perpetuate racialized gaps in data due to inconsistent record-keeping practices. To decolonize these archives, researchers must integrate Indigenous perspectives, challenge the epistemological foundations of colonial data collections, and disrupt linear narratives that prioritize White experiences. This requires structural changes, including crowdsourcing with Indigenous communities and leveraging digital tools like non-Cartesian mapping, rather than superficial diversifications.

Radiocarbon Chronology of Dolmens in the Iberian Southwest: Architectural Sequence and Temporality in the El Pozuelo Megalithic Complex (Huelva, Spain)

Antequera Dolmens Site — 2022 — WHEEAAAA3C3B4

A groundbreaking radiocarbon analysis of the El Pozuelo megalithic complex in southern Spain reveals that dolmens in the Iberian southwest were used for over 2,000 years, from approximately 3970 to 1980 cal BC. The study identifies distinct architectural phases—simple chambers (3970–3760 cal BC), elongated chambers (3790–3620 cal BC), and multiple chambers (3660–3260 cal BC)—alongside continuous activity during the Copper Age (2980–2180 cal BC) and persistence into the Early Bronze Age (2230–1940 cal BC). By combining stratigraphic analysis with Bayesian modeling of 27 AMS radiocarbon dates, researchers establish a robust temporal framework for megalithism in the region. This work synthesizes 152 radiocarbon dates, offering new insights into the emergence, evolution, and reuse of dolmens as significant cultural monuments.

Radiocarbon Dating of Urban Secondary Carbonate Deposits: Site Effect and Implication for Chronology: Case Study of Paris and Versailles Palace Fountains

Palace and Park of Versailles — 2022 — WHEB86886265D

Urban secondary carbonate deposits (USCDs) can serve as reliable chronometers for reconstructing water quality changes in urban environments, with radiocarbon dating revealing site-specific effects on the recorded signal. A study of USCDs from diverse Parisian settings—including under wood, fountains, and aqueducts—demonstrated that deposits fed by rapidly transferred water (e.g., Versailles Palace fountains) exhibit minimal dead carbon proportion (DCP), closely mirroring atmospheric radiocarbon levels. In contrast, deeper underground environments showed higher DCP values, up to 40%. This variability underscores the potential of USCDs to track carbon transport and pollution sources, offering a novel approach for urban environmental reconstruction.

Rainfall and temperature changes under different climate scenarios at the watersheds surrounding the Ngorongoro Conservation Area in Tanzania

Ngorongoro Conservation Area — 2022 — WHEFC22EEF4DA

Future climate projections for the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) in Tanzania indicate significant increases in mean annual rainfall and temperature under both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, with spatial variations across seasons. Notably, while rainfall is expected to rise overall, a decrease is projected during the June-July-August-September (JJAS) season. The study utilized outputs from Regional Climate Models (RCMs) and statistically downscaled Global Climate Models (GCMs), evaluated for accuracy using statistical indicators such as correlation, Nash-Sutcliff Efficiency, and percentage bias. These findings provide critical data for sustainable planning and management of the NCA's watersheds under changing climatic conditions.

Rangeland Conservation, Pastoralist Displacement, and Long-term Implications of a Grazing Ban in the Indian Himalaya

Khangchendzonga National Park — 2022 — WHE6987B49419

A grazing ban implemented in Khangchendzonga National Park, Sikkim, India, in 1998, led to pastoral evictions between 2000–2002 and had long-term social and ecological implications. Research conducted 15 years after the ban revealed that while powerful pastoralists benefited from conservation policies, weaker sections of the community faced further impoverishment. The study also found that such evictions do not necessarily aid biodiversity conservation but instead foster social conflicts and introduce new conservation challenges. The research assessed eviction processes, documented pastoral responses, and explored perceived ecological outcomes to understand these complex dynamics.

Rapid assessment remote sensing of forest cover change to inform forest management: Case of the Monarch reserve

Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve — 2022 — WHE227100C8A1

A rapid remote sensing approach demonstrates that forest cover loss in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR) has decreased while forest cover gains have increased, providing a baseline for monitoring and assessing the impacts of conservation interventions. This method, utilizing GIS analysis from 2006 to 2015, offers a non-invasive tool for tracking changes across four agrarian nuclei, facilitating collaboration with local managers and encouraging broader participation in conservation efforts. The study highlights the potential of remote sensing to support forest management and ecosystem resilience in human-natural systems.

Rapid radiation of Southern Ocean shags in response to receding sea ice

New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands — 2022 — WHEE61FEF691C

A recent genetic and biogeographical study of blue-eyed shags (Leucocarbo spp.) reveals rapid speciation in response to receding sea ice, resolving a long-standing paradox. The research, using time-calibrated phylogenetic analyses across 16 species and subspecies, shows that sub-Antarctic island lineages originated during the Pliocene or Early Pleistocene, contrasting with older lineages in South America and New Zealand. These findings suggest two major dispersal waves linked to interglacial cycles, with South America acting as a glacial refugium. The study highlights blue-eyed shags as a model system for understanding founder-event speciation and adaptation in Southern Ocean birds.

Rare-Metal Granites of the Tigriny Massif (Sikhote-Alin): Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Evolution

Central Sikhote-Alin — 2022 — WHE2A19C833B3

A rare-metal granite intrusion in Central Sikhote-Alin, associated with significant Sn-W mineralization, exhibits distinct geochemical and mineralogical features. The Tigriny Massif's granitoids are characterized by high fluorine content and trace elements, aligning with Li–F rare-metal granitoids. Two primary processes governed their evolution: fluid-magmatic interaction, producing ultrapotassic pegmatoid granites, and crystallization differentiation along the albite trend, leading to lower-silica aluminous sodic melts. These final phases likely formed under open or partially open-system conditions, experiencing intense degassing during crystallization. This process resulted in late plagioclase granites with reduced fluorine and trace elements. The study identifies that the separation of high-F fluids enriched in trace alkalis and ore components led to the formation of the Tigrenok greisen body, hosting the richest ores of the Tigriny deposit.

Rare-metal Granites of the Tigriny Massif (Sikvote-Alin): Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Specific Nature of Evolution

Central Sikhote-Alin — 2022 — WHE66C2441EAB

Rare-metal granites of the Tigriny massif, located in Central Sikhote-Alin, exhibit distinct geochemical and mineralogical characteristics associated with Sn-W mineralization. These granitoids show significantly elevated concentrations of fluorine and typomorphic trace elements, aligning them with Li-F rare-metal granitoids. The study reveals that the evolution of these magmas was driven by two primary processes: fluid-magmatic interaction leading to the formation of ultrapotassium pegmatoid granites (stocksheiders) and crystallization differentiation along an albite trend, resulting in lower-siliceous and sodium-rich melts. These melts likely formed in open or partially open systems, experiencing intense degassing during crystallization, which contributed to the formation of rich ore deposits, such as the Tigrenok greisen body. This process also led to the development of late plagioclase granites with lower fluorine and trace element contents compared to earlier rocks.

Raw Materials Base of Artillery Production of the Kazan Kremlin in XVIII - First Half of XIX Century

Historic and Architectural Complex of the Kazan Kremlin — 2022 — WHEEBBF15B2CC

Research reveals the raw materials foundation of artillery production at the Kazan Kremlin during the 18th to early 19th centuries, focusing on key components like copper, tin, wood, and gunpowder. The study identifies primary sources for supplying the Kazan Arsenal, including local and regional providers, which were critical for sustaining military manufacturing in this historical site. By analyzing archival records and production logs, the research reconstructs the logistical framework that supported artillery output, offering insights into the material culture of imperial defense strategies during this period.

Re-tracing urban landscape lines

Qhapaq Ñan, Andean Road System — 2022 — WHEBAAA0CBCB3

A multidimensional system of lines and points, rooted in the Qhapaq Ñan—Peru's Inca Andean Road System—reveals a primeval pattern that shapes urban landscapes. This study employs an exploratory and descriptive approach to uncover hidden ecological and archaeological vestiges, demonstrating how these layers inform city morphology. By re-tracing these lines, researchers expose the intricate interplay between natural and urban environments, offering new alternatives for integrating heritage into modern landscapes. The findings underscore the importance of preserving and interpreting these ancient systems to guide sustainable urban development.

Re(dis)covering the recent: Surveying settlements and society in central Oman from the 17th to the 20th centuries

Bahla Fort — 2022 — WHE037012656C

A refined ceramic chronology for the Late Islamic period (17th to 20th centuries) in central Oman, including Bahla Fort, has been established through a comprehensive analysis of mudbrick settlements. This study synthesizes previous ceramic research and provides a baseline for interpreting material culture from this understudied region. By systematically reviewing past surveys and refining chronological frameworks, the research offers new insights into settlement patterns and societal changes during this period. The findings aim to serve as a reference for future archaeological studies in Oman, enabling the re(dis)covery of subrecent history through material culture analysis.

Reaction Kinetics Determined from Core Flooding and Steady State Principles for Stevns Klint and Kansas Chalk Injected with MgCl2 Brine at Reservoir Temperature

Stevns Klint — 2022 — WHEE06DBFF1F2

A novel methodology to determine reaction kinetics using core flooding and steady-state principles reveals that the dissolution of calcite and precipitation of magnesite in chalk reservoirs occur in a substitution-like manner, with calcium (Ca²⁺) production closely matching magnesium (Mg²⁺) loss. This approach, applied to Stevns Klint chalk from Denmark and Kansas chalk from the USA, demonstrates computationally efficient modeling that avoids complex spatial-temporal simulations. The study, conducted at reservoir temperatures of 100°C and 130°C, shows that injected MgCl₂ brine alters rock wettability and strength, with implications for oil recovery and reservoir management. By varying injection rates and using shut-in tests, the researchers accurately characterized reaction kinetics, providing insights into geochemical behavior under dynamic conditions.

Reaction Kinetics Determined from Coreflooding and Steady-State Principles for Stevns Klint and Kansas Chalk Injected with MgCl2 Brine at Reservoir Temperature

Stevns Klint — 2022 — WHEA52F377E4D

Researchers have developed a novel methodology to determine reaction kinetics using coreflooding and steady-state principles, which efficiently characterizes chemical interactions in chalk reservoirs without requiring complex spatial modeling. The study, conducted on Stevns Klint (Denmark) and Kansas (USA) chalks at reservoir temperatures (100–130°C), demonstrated that Ca²⁺ ions were produced while Mg²⁺ ions were retained during injection with MgCl₂ brine, indicating calcite dissolution and magnesite precipitation. This substitution-like process was successfully modeled using a simple kinetic framework with three parameters, which accurately predicted chemical interactions in both oil-bearing chalk reservoirs and outcrop chalks. The methodology offers computational efficiency for reactive flow modeling, particularly for chemically sensitive reservoirs like those at UNESCO World Heritage Site Stevns Klint, where injected seawater can impact wettability and rock strength.

Reading Architecture in Landscape: Visitor Reflections at a Mirror Wall (Sigiriya, Sri Lanka)

Ancient City of Sigiriya — 2022 — WHE232BB19ED5

A unique set of visitor inscriptions on Sigiriya's Mirror Wall (7th–13th centuries) reveals how the site's architecture and landscape were designed to shape poetic responses. These inscriptions, written in an emergent literary language derived from spoken Sinhala, demonstrate a deliberate curation of visitor experiences through mental imagery and regulated textual representation. The study suggests that visiting Sigiriya was not just a personal rite of passage but also a historical event that strengthened both the literary community and its designed landscape. By analyzing these inscriptions alongside the site's architecture, researchers propose a new understanding of Sigiriya’s gardens as integral to its cultural and poetic significance.

Realization of a Collection of Digital Resources for Cultural Heritage Sites as a Basis for Formation of Skills and Competencies

Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak — 2022 — WHE7B9977848C

A web-based application, 'Me and UNESCO,' has been developed to serve as a digital resource for Bulgarian cultural and historical heritage sites under UNESCO protection. This application employs the Understanding by Design pedagogical approach, providing multimedia content that fosters the formation of skills and competencies in users. The platform acts as a database, offering an interactive learning environment that enhances understanding and engagement with UNESCO-protected sites in Bulgaria.

Reappraisal of gap analysis for effusive crises at Piton de la Fournaise

Pitons Management Area — 2022 — WHECBEED4B889

A reappraisal of the gap analysis for effusive crises at Piton de la Fournaise reveals that the volcano's preparedness and response capabilities are far more robust than previously assessed. Contrary to earlier findings by Tsang and Lindsay (2020), this study demonstrates that Piton de la Fournaise has minimal gaps in knowledge due to extensive peer-reviewed literature and comprehensive observatory reports. The research corrects methodological flaws in prior analyses, emphasizing the critical role of the Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (OVPF-IPGP) in documenting 81 eruptions since 1979. It advocates for rigorous, third-party reviews to ensure gap analyses are thorough and accurate, leveraging all available scientific and observational resources.